David Hume

Immanuel Kant
Modern Period Philosophers
 EVENTS From Middle Age to 17th Century
INSIGHTS
1 Disease and Famine Ridden
People taught it was punishment
• Black Death(1348-1417)
from GOD
• Little ICE Age (.5C average) (1300-1850)

2 TRUTH – Catholic Teaching Source of Knowledge was the

• JOAN of Arc was burnt at the stake in 1431 Catholic Teaching
charge of heresy.
If you want to conquer a
• Giordano Bruno (Italian Monk) teaches country, convert the
Copernicus Heliocentric findings then in people to Christianity
1600 burned at the stake (like Magelan)
 EVENTS From Middle Age to 17th Century
INSIGHTS
3 Theological Issues
• Indulgence was bought to release a
Stepping stone on the start of
soul from purgatory. Protestant Reformation
• Priest were the authority

4 Absolute Monarchy Power and Authority.

• In which the KING is said to have a divine “The Poor saw that the rich is
right to the throne. – King Louis XIV 1638- getting richer, because they pay
1715 (exempted from laws) taxes for the royal family”
• Heavy Taxes
 Transition to 18 Century (1700-1800)

Renaissance Period (rebirth or revival)

• More of HUMANISM -> Humanities interested on
human concerns
• The study should not focused on the heavens or saint.
Search of truth (rational) not on supernatural force.
• People needed to learn how to embrace the newly
desirable trait like HONEST, INQUISITE and OPEN
which leads to the period of Enlightenment
ENLIGTHENMENT PERIOD (Age of Reason)
Enlightenment
• Refers to the belief that the old ideas needed to be
exposed to light of rational investigation

“When you believe in things that you don’t

understand then you suffer, superstition isn’t
that way”

DAVID HUME
 PHILOSOPHY of DAVID HUME
1711-1776

FEELINGS & REASON

• Reason is the slave of Passion
• Experiences or IMPRESSION (Feelings- perceived thru the
5 senses) we have from our senses are VIVID, while the
REASON (thinking) are not.
• IMPRESSION is the primary source of knowledge
 PHILOSOPHY of DAVID HUME
1711-1776 FEELINGS + IDEA (example)
 PHILOSOPHY of DAVID HUME
1711-1776 FEELINGS + IDEA (example)

Impression:?
Full of thorns
 PHILOSOPHY of DAVID HUME
1711-1776 FEELINGS + IDEA (example)

Impression: Idea:
Full of thorns Don’t touch with bare
hands or you will
suffer the
consequence
 PHILOSOPHY of DAVID HUME
1711-1776 FEELINGS + IDEA (example)

Impression: Idea:
Are you going to touch it
Full of thorns with your bare hands?

Knowledge is based on Experience but Exp. consists of:

Impressions (Sensation) + (simple/complex) Ideas
1 2
 18 Century: 2 Camps of Philosophers
th

1 RATIONALIST 2 EMPIRICIST
Knowledge is acquired in reason Knowledge is acquired in
(you need to figure it out) experience
 18 Century: 2 Camps of Philosophers
th

Immanuel
RATIONALIST EMPIRICIST
Kant

1711-1776
 Philosophy of Immanuel KANT

1711-1776

• Not all knowledge is derived from the senses (argued for

Hume)
• Mind could not function as an empty container that
simply receive data from senses. (argued for Locke’s
tabula rasa)
 Philosophy of Immanuel KANT
“Some concepts you have in your head, that you couldn't have got by
experience or just sat down and figure it out”

Example: Concept of Space – Distance between two objects

A baby is experiencing space for the first time

Oh.. The object is over

there and I’m over here

OBJECT
“Bago pa masabi ng baby na yung object ay over there. The
concept space is already in the head”
 Philosophy of Immanuel KANT
“Some concepts (like space) is already built in us in the beginning.
To which this concepts are independent from experience”

Another Example: the story of Adam and Eve

 Philosophy of Immanuel KANT
Knowledge has 2 Distinctions

A priori A posteriori
Knowledge that can be known Knowledge gained through sensing
without experience or independent experience or knowable on the basis of
of experience experience

“To gain knowledge about a thing you need a starter, you can begin your
journey until you have a starter” – A priori is the starter
 Insights on Kant and Hume

1 Experience is the best Teacher

• K to 12 => Immersion
• College of Education => Practice Teaching
• Tech Voc. => Practical Training

2 Classroom Participation / Discussion

• If student don’t have experience.. Out of Place
• Lesson Plan => 4A (Activity, Analysis, Abs., App.)
 Final Thought on Kant and Hume
To educate the Passion
• Good example, Motivation, Encouragement

As teachers:

“We don’t do something in the classroom that’s in the syllabus, in the

textbook or the principal told you to do so but rather we do something in
the classroom because the behavior must change”
Thank You !!!!!!!!!