RIP


Routing Information Protocol
RIP Packet Format

 RIP Header & Entry Position in Frame

MAC Header IP Header UDP Header RIP Header RIP Entry

 RIP Header (4 Bytes)

Command
Command (1Byte)
(1Byte) Version
Version (1Byte)
(1Byte) Must
Must be
be ‘0’
‘0’ (2Bytes)
(2Bytes)
(0
(0 –– 77 bits)
bits) (8-15
(8-15 bits)
bits) (16-31
(16-31 bits)
bits)

 RIP Entry (20 Bytes)

Address
Address Family
Family Identifier
Identifier (2
(2 Bytes)
Bytes) Route
Route tag
tag (2Bytes)
(2Bytes)
(0-15
(0-15 bits)
bits) (16-31 bits)
(16-31 bits)

IPv4
IPv4 Address
Address (4
(4 Bytes)
Bytes)

Subnet
Subnet Mask
Mask (4
(4 Bytes)
Bytes)

Next
Next Hop
Hop (4
(4 Bytes)
Bytes)

Metric
Metric (4
(4 Bytes)
Bytes)
 What is RIP?

 RIP is a Open Standard, Distance Vector Routing Protocol that uses
only the hop count as its metric to determine the best path from source
to destination
 RIP is based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm
 Author of Distance Vector Algorithm is Ford and Fulkerson
 Formulation of RIP is based on Bellman’s Equation : “dynamic
programming”
 There are two versions of RIP: v1 and v2
 RIP evolved from the Gateway Information Protocol, which was part
of the original Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocol Suite
 Request for Comments
 RFC 1058 (RIP V1)
 RFC 2453 (RIP V2)
 Key Characteristics

 Routing is the method by which the gateway decides
where to send the datagram.
 RIP Uses Hop count as its Metric
 If Hop Count is greater than 15, then packet will be
discarded
 Administrative Distance is 120
 RIP Supports 3 Types of Routing Updates
 Broadcast (Default in RIPv1)
 Multicast to 224.0.0.9 (Default in RIPv2)
 Unicast
 Fundamentals of RIP

 Classless
 FLSM, VLSM, CIDR, Auto & Manual Summary
 Complete list of RIP entries will be sent in updates
 Update packet carry only 25 routes, hence multiple
packets are required to carry more than 25 updates
 Load balance on 4 equal cost paths
 RIP is Application Layer Protocol
 Uses UDP port 520
 Fundamentals of RIP

 Sends Periodic Update
 Update timer – 30 Sec
 Invalid timer – 180 Sec
 Flush timer – 240 Sec
 Hold timer – 180 Sec
 RIP has 2 types of Message packets
 Request
 Response
 RIP support Secondary address
 Route tags were added in RIP version 2 to differentiate
between internal and external update
 Fundamentals of RIP

 Output delay
 Router can be configured to introduce delay between
update packet if there are multiple packet
 Default delay is 0 ms (Can be configured between 8-50)
 Passive-Interface
 Split Horizon
 RIP Trigger Updates
 Summarization
 Auto
 Manual
 RIP Filters

 Distribute List
 Standard
 Extended
 Prefix List
 Offset List
 Distance
 RIP Authentication

 RIPv2 support Authentication
 It support
 Clear text and MD5 Authentication
 Requires key chain for implementation
authentication
Routing by rumor
