3.

1 “THE
MODIFIERS
OF HUMAN
ACTS”
Francis L. Dungca Jr.
Reporter
 THE MODIFIER OF HUMAN
ACTS

Ignorance Fear Habit

01 03 05

02 04
Passion Violence
 MODIFIER OF HUMAN ACTS
● Factors that influence man’s inner disposition
towards certain actions are called “modifiers” of
human acts.
● They affect the mental or emotional state of a
person to the extend that the voluntariness involved
in an act is either increased or decreased.
THE
MODIFIERS OF
HUMAN ACTS:
FEAR and
VIOLENCE
 Fear
According to Lisa Fritscher
“ Fear is a natural, powerful,
and primitive human emotion.
It involves a universal
biochemical response as well
as a high individual emotional
response. Fear alerts us to the
presence of danger or the
threat of harm, whether that
danger is physical or
psychological.”
“Fear is the mind of a person who
is confronted by an impending
danger or harm himself or loved
ones. Distinction is made
however between an act done
with fear and act done out or
because of fear”.
 3 Types Of Fear
Fear of Fear of
failure pain
Can be best The hurt that resurfaces from
articulated in being our past, the pain that
afraid of never prevents us from moving
having what it is that towards attaining our goal. It
we want, or attaining is the disappointment we
what we want and have endured and the
not being satisfied, loneliness we felt during
not knowing how to those times, to staying in the
accept what we have wrong situation out of a belief
asked for and move of scarcity. It's the belief that
into that place of if you don’t jump on the idea
pure bliss. or hold onto the object of
desire, it will never come
again.
Fear of
now
Comes from the 
belief that you are not enough
.  You don’t allow yourself to
take the next step because on
the subconscious level you
believe you are not enough. 
That little voice that chatters
all the time telling you aren’t
there yet, you don’t have it,
you're not going to aspire to
what it is that you wanted to
aspire.
 Phobi
a
A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder that causes an
individual to experience extreme, irrational fear about
a situation, living creature, place, or object.
 6 Strategies to Overcome Fear
and Anxiety

Learn More About Your Use your Imagination in Use Your Brain in a
Fear Positive Ways Different Way than Usual

Focus on Your Breathing Practice Mindfulness Use Nature as Your

Therapist
 Principles of Fear

Acts done with fear

are voluntary.
Acts done out of fear,
however great is simply
voluntary although is
conditionally voluntary.
Acts done because of
intense fear or panic are
involuntary.
Violence

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Violence
“The intentional use of
physical force or power,
threatened or actual,
against oneself, another
person, or against a group
or community, that either
results in or has a high
likelihood of resulting in
injury, death, psychological
harm, maldevelopment, or
deprivation."
“Violence refers to any physical force exerted on a
person by another free agent for the purpose of
compelling said person to act against his will. Bodily
torture, maltreatment, isolation and mutilation are
examples of violence against person”.
 Kinds of Violence

Self-directed Interpersonal
Violence Violence

Collective
Violence
 Self-directed Violence

“Suicide is one of the leading

causes of death worldwide
and is an important public
health problem. Among those
aged 15-44 years, self-
inflicted injuries are the fourth
leading cause of death and
the sixth leading cause of ill-
health and disability. The
Global Burden of Disease
project estimates that 797
823 suicides occurred in
2011, over half of all deaths
due to violence”.
“Man killing himself”
 Interpersonal Violence

Interpersonal violence refers to
violence between individuals, and is
subdivided into family and intimate
partner violence and community
violence. The former category includes
child maltreatment; intimate partner
violence; and elder abuse, while the
latter is broken down
into acquaintance and stranger violence
and includes youth violence; assault by
strangers; violence related to property
crimes; and violence in workplaces and “Boyfriend hurting her girlfriend”
other institutions.
 Collective Violence

“Collective violence can be
caused by feelings of
relative deprivation and
dissatisfaction with basic
human needs. A prolonged
period of economic and
social development
generates heightened
expectations. There is a
certain level of expectations
for social and economic
conditions to which people
believe they are rightfully
entitled”.
 Principles of Violence

External actions or commanded actions performed by a Elicited acts or those done by the ill alone are not subject to
person subjected to violence to which reasonable violence and are therefore voluntary. The will insofar as it is a
resistance has been offered are involuntary and are not spiritual faculty is not within the reach of violence.
accountable.
 References
Violence Prevention Alliance (2020) Definition and typology of violence Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/violenceprevention/approach/definition/en/

Menta Health Foundation.(2020).How to overcome fear and anxiety. Retrieved from

https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/publications/overcome-fear-anxiety

Fritscher,L. (2020). What Is Fear?. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/the-psychology-of-fear-2671696

Legg, T. (2017)Everything you need to know about phobias. Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249347

Real Life Counselling. (2017). 6 Strategies to Overcome Fear and Anxiety Retrieved from
https://reallifecounseling.us/overcome-fear-and-anxiety/

 Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict (Second Edition), 2008. Collective Violence Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/collective-violence

World Health Organization. (2020). Violence and Injury Prevention. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/suicide/en/

Wyrzykowska , A. (2020). The 3 Types of Fear And How To Break Free From Them. Retrieved from

https://www.doyou.com/the-3-types-of-fear-and-how-to-break-free-from-them/
Thank You
and God
Bless!