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Ú Autism is a complex
developmental disability that
typically appears during the
first three years of life and is
the result of a neurological
disorder that affects the
normal functioning of the
brain, impacting development
in the areas of social
interaction and
communication skills. Both
children and adults with
autism typically show
difficulties in verbal and non-
verbal communication, social
interactions, and leisure or
play activities. (ASA)
Ú ÷ale
Ú Family history.
-families who have one child with autism have an increased
risk of having another child with the disorder. It's also not
uncommon for the parents or relatives of an autistic child to have
minor problems with social or communication skills themselves or
to engage in certain autistic behaviors.
Ú Neurological Factors.
-abnormalities in brain structures or functions have been correlated
with autistic disorder (National Institute of ÷ental Health [NI÷H], 2002).
Certain developmental problems, such as postnatal neurological infections,
congenital rubella, phenylketonuria, and fragile X syndrome, also have been
implicated.
Ú Other disorders.
-children with certain medical conditions have a higher than normal risk
of having autism. These conditions include fragile X syndrome, an inherited
disorder that causes intellectual problems; tuberous sclerosis, a condition in
which benign tumors develop in the brain; the neurological disorder Tourette
syndrome; and epilepsy, which causes seizures.
Ú h
Ú Impaired in social interaction and communication
Ú Delays or abnormal functioning in social action, language
Ú Inability to establish a meaningful relationship
Ú They do not display interest
Ú Deficit in language development, including mutism, echolalia and inability to
name object
Ú Obsessive ritualistic behavior
Ú Attachments to particular objects
Ú Anxiety or fear with harmless objects
Ú Overactivity
Ú Distractibility
Ú Poor concentration
Ú Sudden unprovoked anger or fear
Ú Aggressive outburst
All children should have routine developmental exams
done by their pediatrician. Further testing may be needed if the
doctor or parents are concerned. This is particularly true if a
child fails to meet any of the following language milestones:
Ú Babbling by 12 months
Ú Gesturing (pointing, waving bye-bye) by 12 months
Ú Saying single words by 16 months
Ú Saying two-word spontaneous phrases by 24 months (not just
echoing)
Ú Losing any language or social skills at any age