SPORTS

OFFICIATING
 GUIDELINES ON HOW TO
OFFICIATE BASKETBALL GAME
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE OFFICIALS OF THE GAME AND THEIR FUNCTIONS.
THE REFEREE
A REFEREE IS THE OFFICIAL IN CHARGE DURING AND AFTER THE GAME.
HE IS THE OFFICIAL WHO WATCHES A GAME OR MATCH CLOSELY TO ENSURE
THAT THE RULES ARE ADHERED TO AND SOMETIMES TO ARBITRATE ON
MATTERS. HE HAS THE FULL RESPONSIBILITY TO ENFORCE THE RULES AND
MAINTAIN THE ORDER OF THE GAME. THE REFEREE HAS THE FINAL SAY ON
DISCIPLINARY MATTERS. HE ALSO CONTROLS THE GAME AND TAKES UP
POSITIONS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE COURT.
THE DUTIES OF THE REFEREE INCLUDE THE
FOLLOWING:
A. INSPECTS AND APPROVES ALL EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING
COURT, BASKETS, BALL, BACKBOARDS
B. INSPECTS TIMER’S AND SCORER’S SIGNALS
C. DESIGNATES THE OFFICIAL TIMEPIECE AND ITS OPERATOR
D. DESIGNATES THE OFFICIAL SCOREBOOK AND THE OFFICIAL
SCORER
E. RESPONSIBLE FOR NOTIFYING EACH CAPTAIN THREE
MINUTES BEFORE EACH HALF IS TO BEGIN
F. DECIDES WHETHER OR NOT A GOAL SHALL COUNT IF
OFFICIALS DISAGREE
G. MAY FORFEIT THE GAME WHEN CONDITIONS
WARRANT
H. DECIDES UPON MATTER ON WHICH THE TIMERS
AND SCORERS DISAGREE
I.  HAS THE POWER TO MAKE DECISIONS ON ANY
POINTS SPECIFICALLY COVERED BY THE RULES
J.  DETERMINES OF GROUND RULES ARE NECESSARY
THE TIMEKEEPER
THE TIMEKEEPER DUTIES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
A. CONSULTS OFFICIALS AS TO SIGNALS USED TO
INDICATE A TIME-OUT AND RESUMPTION OF TIME
B. KEEPS EYES ON THE OFFICIALS THROUGHOUT THE
GAME
C. CHECKS ON THE DURATION OF TIME-OUTS,
SUBSTITUTION, ETC.
WHEN TO START CLOCK:
1. WHEN BALL IS LEGALLY TAPPED ON ALL
JUMPS BALLS
2. WHEN BALL IS TOUCHED IN BOUNDS, IF
RESUMPTION OF PLAY IS BY A THROW-IN AFTER
CLOCK HAS BEEN STOPPED
3. WHEN BALL IS LEGALLY TOUCHED AFTER A
MISSED FREE THROW AND BALL IS TO REMAIN
ALIVE
WHEN TO STOP CLOCK:
1. WHEN TIME EXPIRES AT THE END OF THE
PERIOD
2. WHEN AN OFFICIAL SIGNALS A FOUL
3. WHEN AN OFFICIAL SIGNALS A JUMP BALL
4. WHEN A VIOLATION OCCURS
5. WHEN AN OFFICIAL ORDERS A TIME-OUT
THE SCORER
THE SCORER DUTIES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
A. OBTAINS NAMES AND NUMBERS OF ALL PLAYERS WHO MAY
PARTICIPATE IN THE GAME AT LEAST TEN (10) MINUTES BEFORE THE
START OF THE GAME. AT LEAST THREE (3) MINUTES BEFORE
SCHEDULED STARTING TIME, HAVE EACH TEAM DESIGNATE ITS FIRST
FIVE PLAYERS. HE ALSO REPORTS ANY FAILURE TO COMPLY REFEREES.
B. RECORDS FIELD GOALS MADE, FREE THROWS MADE AND MISSED,
RUNNING SUMMARY OF POINTS SCORED, PERSONAL AND TECHNICAL
FOULS ON EACH PLAYER, TEAM PERSONAL FOULS PER HALF AND
TIMEOUTS.
 OFFICIALS &
THEIR DUTIES IN
VOLLEYBALL
REFEREES
THE REFEREE IS THE INDIVIDUAL AT THE CENTER OF THE
COURT, DRESSED IN BLACK AND WHITE STRIPES. A
REFEREE’S DUTIES INCLUDE SIGNALING WHEN A RALLY
BEGINS AND ENDS. THE REFEREE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZING TEAM REQUESTS,
SUBSTITUTIONS, TIME-OUTS AND COMMUNICATING WITH
THE COACHES AT THE APPROPRIATE TIMES. THERE ARE
OFTEN MULTIPLE REFEREES IN A MATCH, ACCORDING TO
THE STRENGTH AND POWER FOR VOLLEYBALL WEBSITE.
SCOREKEEPER
THE SCOREKEEPER CREATES OFFICIAL RECORDS OF
VOLLEYBALL GAMES. BEFORE PLAY BEGINS, THE
SCOREKEEPER RECORDS TEAM AND PLAYER INFORMATION.
ONCE THE GAME BEGINS, SCOREKEEPERS NOT ONLY TRACK
POINTS, BUT ALSO PLAYER SUBSTITUTIONS, SANCTIONS AND
TIME-OUTS. THE SCOREKEEPER KEEPS AN EYE ON THE
INDIVIDUAL SERVING THE BALL TO TRACK THE ROTATION AND
NOTIFY REFEREES OF POTENTIAL LAPSES. AT THE CLOSE OF THE
GAME, THE SCOREKEEPER RECORDS THE FINAL SCORE OF THE
GAME.
ASSISTANT SCOREKEEPER
THE ASSISTANT SCOREKEEPER OR LIBERO
TRACKER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR UPDATING THE
SCOREBOARD AND KEEPING AN EYE ON THE
LIBERO. THE LIBERO TRACKING DUTY WAS
ADDED IN 1999. THIS INDIVIDUAL RECORDS
CHANGES IN THE LIBERO ROTATION, NOTIFYING
REFEREES WHEN PROBLEMS OCCUR IN THE
ROTATION.
LINE JUDGES
THERE ARE USUALLY TWO LINE JUDGES, ONE AT
EITHER END OF THE COURT, USUALLY IN OPPOSITE
CORNERS. LINE JUDGES WORK WITH THE REFEREES,
SIGNALING TO ASSIST IN MAKING JUDGMENT CALLS.
THESE OFFICIALS OFTEN USE FLAGS TO SIGNAL
WHEN A BALL IS IN OR OUT, HITS THE ANTENNAE OF
THE NET, OR WHEN THE SERVER COMMITS A FOOT
FAULT, OR STEPS OUTSIDE THE LINE AS THEY SERVE.
VOLLEYBALL
ROTATION
RULES
WHEN TO ROTATE
A VOLLEYBALL TEAMS ROTATES EACH TIME IT IS
CALLED ON TO SERVE. THE PLAYER IN THE POSITION
TO THE BACK AND THE RIGHT SERVES. IF THE SERVING
TEAM WINS THE POINT, THE PERSON WHO SERVED THE
BALL CONTINUES TO DO SO UNTIL HIS SIDE LOSES THE
BALL. THE PLAYER ROTATES OUT OF THE SERVING
POSITION WHEN THE TEAM GETS THE BALL BACK.
GO CLOCKWISE
VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ROTATE IN A CLOCKWISE MANNER.
EACH PLAYER MOVES INTO A NEW “ZONE” FOR WHICH HE IS
RESPONSIBLE WHEN THERE’S A ROTATION. THERE ARE SIX
ZONES. ZONE 1 IS IN THE RIGHT BACK CORNER, WHERE THE
SERVER IS. THE ZONES MOVE CLOCKWISE, SO ZONE 2 IS THE
RIGHT FRONT, AND ZONE 6 IS THE REAR MIDDLE. THE MOST
COMMON ROTATION FAULT OCCURS WHEN THE FRONT RIGHT
SIDE HITTER IN ZONE 2 IS NOT IN FRONT OF THE OUTSIDE
HITTER IN ZONE 5 WHEN THE BALL IS SERVED.
SWITCHING POSITION
SWITCHING POSITIONS CAN ONLY BE DONE AFTER THE
SERVE. POSITION SWITCHING IS ONLY ALLOWED AMONG
THE TEAM’S FRONT-LINE PLAYERS. IN THE BACK ROW,
THE SERVER BECOMES A SETTER, THE PERSON IN THE
MIDDLE IS A BLOCKER AND THE PERSON IN ZONE 5 IS
CONSIDERED AND OUTSIDE HITTER. IN THE FRONT ROW,
THE PERSON IN ZONE 2 IS THE RIGHT SIDE HITTER, ZONE 3
IS A MIDDLE BLOCKER AND ZONE 4 IS ANOTHER SETTER.
 OFFICIALS &
THEIR DUTIES IN
VOLLEYBALL
DUTIES OF THE REFEREE

1. MANAGES THE MATCH.

2. HEADS THE OFFICIAL OF THE
GAME.
DUTIES OF THE EMPIRE
[BEFORE THE MATCH]
1. SECURES THE SCORE SHEET FROM THE HEAD REFEREE.
2. SEES THAT ALL MATERIALS NEEDED FOR SCORING ARE IN
ORDER.
3. INSPECTS THE POSTS, NET AND COURT.
4. SEES TO IT THAT THE SERVICE JUDGE AND LINESMEN ARE
DOING THEIR TASK.
5. MAKE SURE THAT PLENTY OF NEW SHUTTLECOCKS ARE AT
HANDS.
6. REPORTS TO THE HEAD REFEREE THE INFRINGEMENTS OF
THE RULES.
[AT THE BEGINNING OF AND DURING THE GAME]
1. MAKE SURE THAT THE TOSSING OF THE COIN IS PROPERLY DONE.
2. IMPLEMENTS THE RULES WITHOUT OBJECTION AMONG THE
PLAYERS.
3. DECIDES ON OBJECTIONS AND PROTESTS BEFORE THE SERVICE.
4. INFORMS THE PLAYERS AS WELL THE SPECTATORS, ABOUT THE
PROGRESS OF THE GAME.
5. PLACES OR REMOVES OFFICIALS UPON CONSULTATION WITH THE
HEAD OFFICE.
6. ABIDES BY THE DECISION OF THE SERVICE JUDGE AND LINESMEN.
7. RECEIVES FROM THE HEAD REFEREE THE APPEALS AND
PROTESTS BY EITHER PLAYER OR TEAM.
DUTY OF THE SCORER
HE RECORDS THE POINTS SCORED BY EACH PLAYER
AND CERTIFIES THE WINNER OR LOSER OF THE GAME.

DUTY OF LINESMEN
THEY DECIDE WHETHER THE SHUTTLE FELLINSIDE
OR OUTSIDE THE COURT.
*NOTE: ALWAYS HAVE A RULEBOOK WHEN
OFFICIATING.
 REFEREE
BASKETBALL
VIOLATIONS SIGNALS
 WALKING OR
TRAVELING
(NOT
BOUNCING THE
BALL WHILE
WALKING) 
 ILLEGAL
OR DOUBLE
DRIBBLE 
 FIVE
SECOND
VIOLATION
 
TEN SECONDS
(TAKING
MORE THAN
10 SECONDS
TO GET THE
BALL OVER
HALF COURT) 
 CARRYING
OR PALMING
THE BALL 
 KICKING
(INTENTION
ALLY
KICKING
THE BALL) 
OVER AND
BACK
(HALF-
COURT
VIOLATION)
 
 THREE
SECONDS
(OFFENSIVE
PLAYER IS IN
THE LANE OR
KEY FOR MORE
THAN 3
SECONDS) 
 REFEREE
BASKETBALL
FOUL SIGNALS
HAND
CHECK 
 CHARGING OR
PLAYER
CONTROL FOUL 
HOLDIN
G 
INTENTIONA
L FOUL 
BLOCKIN
G 
TECHNICAL FOUL
OR "T"
(GENERALLY FOR
MISCONDUCT OR
UNSPORTSMANLI
KE BEHAVIOR) 
OTHER REFEREE
SIGNALS
JUMP
BALL 
NO SCORE 
 30
SECOND
TIME OUT 
START
CLOCK 
 THREE
POINT
ATTEMPT 
THREE
POINT
SCORE
VOLLEYBALL