Punjab Vegetables

Anoop
Abhilash
Nikunj
Contents
Vegetable cultivation in India
Punjab and its geographic conditions
Supply Chain schematic
Vegetables grown in Punjab
Problems & improvements required
Exports details
Vegetable Cultivation in India
Second largest producer of vegetables in the world – 71
million MT in around 6.2 million hectares of land
Accounts for about 15% of the world’s production of
vegetables.
 potato, tomato, onion, cabbage and cauliflower
account for around 60% of the total vegetable
production in the country.
Punjab- major vegetable cultivator
Two Seasons mainly – Kharif and Rabi
Vegetable crops
Paddy
Oil seeds
Pulses
Sugarcane
Geographic Conditions
Geography and Climate: Punjab is the northwest
state of India situated at 290 - 32/ to 320-32/North
latitude and 730-55/ to 760-50/ East longitude.
Bordered to the north by Jammu and Kashmir, to the
northeast by Himachal Pradesh, to the south and
southeast by Haryana and to the southwest by
Rajasthan.
The total area of the state is 50,362 square kilometres
(occupying 1.54 % of the country’s total geographical
area.)
The state of Punjab lies in the sub-tropical belt and is
situated in the North-west of Indian sub-continent. It lies
over 1600 Km. away from the Bay of Bengal. The Shivaliks are
on its North-Western boarder and Rajasthan deserts are in
the South.
These factors determine its climatic conditions. Winter
season is cool extending from the end of October to the end
of March. The summer season lasts from April to June.
The annual rainfall in Punjab ranges between 250 mm and
1000 mm. Some cyclone rainfall occurs mainly from
December to January & March is beneficial to the Rabi crops
. Climatically the state has three major seasons.
 Hot weather (April to June) when temperature rises as
high as 440 C.
 Rainy season (July to September). Average rainfall
annual ranges between 960 mm
    sub-mountain region and 460 mm in the plains.
 Cold weather (October to March). Temperature goes
down as low as 40 C.
List of vegetables
Chilli (Mirch) Lal, CH-I, Surkh, Gachhedar CH3, Sirhind, Sanauri,
Capsicum annuum Jalandhari, Sathi, Loungi, Shahkoti
annuum
Capsicum (Simla 27
Mirch)Capsicum annuum

Okra (Bindi) Pusa, Sawani, Padmani, Punjab-7, Punjab-8, Pb.

Abelmoschus esculentum Kranti, Pb. Varsha, Uphan A-11

Bottle gourd (Ghia Kaddu) Punjab Round, Punjab Komal Early long, Pspl, Pusa
Nailin, America Pb.Hyprid No 13,Pb14
Summer squash (Chappan chappan kaddu-1
Kaddu)
Squash melon (Tinda) S-48 ( tinda), /light green, Dark green.
Bittergoud (Karela) C-96, Pb.14, small proited, --karela, Meetha Karela,
Roundish karela
Pumpkin (Halwa Kaddu) Large red, large round, yellow flesh and red flesh
Sponge gourd and ridge Pusa Chikni, Sadabahar (5-10)
gourd (Ghia and Kalitori)
Ash-gourd (Petha) Local variety
Benincasa hispida
Musk melon (Kharbuza) Punjab Hybrid, Punjab sunehri, Punjab Rasila, Hara
Madhu, PR.M.M28, Hari dhari, Kajri, Sarda, Musa,
Phut, Wa---
Water melon (Tarbuz) Sugar baby shipper
Long melon(Tur) long melon-I, L.Early Pb. Selecton
Borassus flabellifer
Cucumber (Khira) Balam khira and Punjab No.1 poinsetic, Hybrid,
Jalandhari, hoshiarpuri, dark of light coloured
gurdaspur type
Wanga Wanga No.1
Arum (Arbi) S11, S8
Sweet Potato V2, V6 and V8
Brinjal a) Long fruited: Pusa purple long, pb.barsati, Pb.
sada bahar Baingan.
b) Round fruited: Pb. No.8, Punjab Bahar, Jamuni
Gola, Pb. Neelam, chamkila
c) Small fruited: Punjab Moti
d) Oblong fruited: BH1 and BH2
Cowpea Cowpea-263 Pusa Komal, Pusa –152, cowpea-
74
Kharif onion N-53, ADR, S-48, selection no.1
Tomato (Tamatar) S12,Pb.Tropic, Pb. Chhuahara, Pb.Kesri, Pb.
N.R.7, TH 2312, selection no. 1
Radish (Muli) Desi: Pb Safeda, Pusa chetki, Pb. Ageti, Pb.
Pasand Eng:Japanese White Pusa Himani, Egg
white, Pusa reshmi Icicle
Turnip (Shalgam) Desi: 4-White, 4 Red L1
Eng: Golden Ball, Snow Ball, Purple Top white
globe
Carrot (Gajar) No.29 ,Selection 21, Selecton 233, Pusa kesser, yelloe,
light orange, black orange, Patiali
Spinach (Palak) Pb.selection
Pb.Green
Fenugreek (Methi) Kasuri Methi Marwari
Foenicum
Onion (Rabi Piaz) Pb. Red round,Punjab Selection Punjab-48 and
Pb.Naroya N.53, ADR, Pro-6
Potato (Alu) Kufri chanramukhi, kufri ashoka, kufri lalima, kufri
jawahar, kufri bahar, kufri joyti, kufri sutlej,kufri
sandhuri,kufri badshah Kufri Shakti k.alankar, K.
Sheetam
Cauliflower (Phul Gobhi) Gaint snow ball, Pb.Gaint-26,Snow ball 16, Pusa snow
ball-1 and pusa snow ball K1, Early Kumari
Cabbage (Bandh Gobhi) Drum Head Early, Pride of . Golden-Acre
Knol-Knol (Gandh gobhi) Earliest white, white

Chinese cabbage (Chini Chinese sarson

sarson)
Pea (matar) Arkel, mattar, Ageta 6, Bonneville, Pb.87, Pb.88, Mithi
Phali. P.35, T. 163, PG.3 Harabone, P-8, P-23, Kardiarea
hara --type
Garlic (Lasan) 56-4, Pb. Garlic 1
G-282
Lettuce (Salad) Lettuce No.1
Sponge gourd Light coloured, dark coloured, white seeded, ageli round

Dolichors or sem Fruit type

Status of horticulture
total net sown area - 42.01 lakh ha
2.05 lakh hectares which accounts for 4.8 % of the net
sown area –horticulture grown
Area under fruit crops is 0.47 lakh hectares (ha)
1.58 lakh ha is under vegetable crops which
accounts for 2.5 % of the total vegetable production in
the country.
Vegetable production
Punjab is a leading state in terms of production of
vegetables.
 The total area under vegetable crop is 1.58 lakh ha.
with the production of 27 lakh tonnes.
The annual productivity of the state is 16.8 MT/ha as
compared to the average national productivity of 14
Mt/ha.
The major vegetables grown in the state are
cauliflower, peas, potato, onion, chillies, tomato,
brinjal
State wise production of vegetables in India
States Area (ha) Production (tonnes)
Andhra Pradesh 316030 1200211
Arunachal Pradesh 26300 69360
Assam 91497 205151
Bihar 368000 444500
Goa 170 590
Gujarat 97000 1277700
Haryana 55400 418700

Himachal Pradesh 25680 249150

Jammu & Kashmir 13600 93000
Karnataka 121260 1876358
Kerala 15250 143484
Madhya Pradesh 854442 1372077
Maharashtra 309300 115700
Manipur 1450 60500
Meghaglaya 40130 111360
Mizoram 2100 6263
Nagaland 62700 42820
Orissa 566320 4200390
Punjab 99800 2146000
Rajasthan 41876 143381
Sikkim 3800 23000
Tamil Nadu 51295 551200
Tripura 22500 174000
Uttar Pradesh 757966 9774900
West Bengal 376000 2760914
Andaman and
Nicobar 2700 16200
Chandigarh - 1970
Dadar Nagar
Haveli - 13460
Delhi 3325 266522
Lakhshadweep 325 368
Pandicherry 141 1128
Supply chain Schematic
Problems
Lack of education and awareness about opportunities.
Lack of market knowledge and marketing skills.
Lack of professionalism and small land holding.
Falling water levels and lack of irrigation facilities.
Expensive credit.
Many intermediaries who increase cost but do not add much value.
Laws that stifle private investment.
Controlled prices.
Poor infrastructure.
Inappropriate R&D- agriculture is a state subject, and most states
have little funds to invest in vegetable R&D.
A Report
Hyderabad, Sep 15: Bharti Enterprises vice chairman,
Rajan Bharti Mittal informed that the company, which
has two distribution centres in Haryana and Punjab,
contacted with 150 farmers in Punjab to buy vegetables
directly from them on a trial basis
Some Steps Taken
Net Cultivation by PAU
Punjab State Farmers Commission – Net house
implementation
Punjab Water Supply & Sewage Board takes care of
sewage facility and irrigation facility.
Drip and micro irrigation system
Laser leveler technology – Conservation of water
Co operative model
Verka and Sohna both based on the highly successful
cooperative model, are reaching out to the grassroots
providing a source of income and enterprise to the
farmers of Punjab.
Sohna, established way back in 1954, has 3047
societies from which it procures raw materials. It also
distributes agrochemicals at discounted rates to
farmers. Sohna exports most of its produce of
Basmati, ready to eat foods and preserves to North
America, Europe and South East Asia.
Verka, relatively young has achieved much more. One
of the most popular brands of milk and milk products
in northern India,
 it is a large supplier to the Indian Armed forces.
Of its 5300 cooperative societies, 790 are run solely by
women, to whom it also provides training.
Verka currently exports to the Middle East, South East
Asia, Afghanistan and Oceana.
Exports
To Middle east, SE Asia, Afghanistan, Oceana, UK,
UAE, Denmark, France, Germany and Holland etc
The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export
Development Authority (APEDA) has identified
traditional and non-traditional vegetables with good
export potential.
As many as 63 varieties vegetable are traded in the
world market.
The Punjab Agri Export Corporation (PAGREXCO)
had achieved success in marketing of fresh vegetables
(2000 kg) from Punjab to the UK
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