Perfume Manufacturing

Presentation by
Ashwathy Preetha. P
Aswathy Sudhakaran
History

• In archaic time periods, perfume makers did not have the

ability to manufacture synthetic smells. All fragrances
came from the earth in one way or another.
• Ancient civilizations infused body lotions and water with
aromatic flowers and different types of wood. They also
burned incense made of spices, like cinnamon and myrrh,
and extracted oil from plants.
• Before the manufacturing process can begin, the plant and
animal-based perfume ingredients must first be gathered.
Various methods of extracting plant oils have been used
throughout the world over time.
• Throughout the ages, perfume extraction and
manufacturing methods were developed and innovated.
Not only did perfume serve as a ceremonial and symbolic
cosmetic, but it opened up a new avenue for trade.
The
Manufacturing
process
• Making a perfume involves collecting ingredients,
extracting oils, blending, aging and quality control.
• The techniques and mixtures have been finetuned and
perfected by scientists and other professionals, but some
procedures are very similar to their early counterparts, such
as expression.
Ingredients
• Many perfumes are made by extracting scented oil from
natural ingredients. These ingredients can include various
plants, fruits, woods and even animal secretions. Other
resources like alcohol, coal, tars and petrochemicals can be
used during the manufacturing process.
• For scents that don’t occur in nature or do not produce
essential oils, synthetic chemicals are used to emulate the
scent. Many popular and hard to find scents fall into this
category, so it’s likely that your favourite perfume uses at
least some synthetic scents.
 Common Ingredients
Natural Synthetic
• Rose petals • Aliphatic aldehydes Calone
• Iso E Super
• Myrrh • Ambergris Hedione
• Frankincense (also called • Indole
Olibanum) • Musk Lily of the Valley
• Jasmine
• Oakmoss
• Sandalwood
• Vanilla
• Citron
 Various extraction method
Essential oil extraction can be done several ways: Oils can be obtained through
solvent extraction, steam distillation, expression, enfleurage (a process that
squeezes out the oils) or maceration.

Solvent Extraction
This method is performed by
putting plants into big, rotating
drums. The plants are then
covered with petroleum ether or
benzene. The plant parts
eventually dissolve in whatever
solvent is used, leaving a waxy
substance that contains the oils.

This substance is then placed in

ethyl alcohol. The oil dissolves in
the alcohol, which is then
burned off, leaving a highly
concentrated perfume oil.
Steam Distillation
With steam distillation, the natural materials are placed in a still. The materials sit in the
still until they are extracted. The resulting substance is then passed through tubes, where
it is cooled and then liquefied. In addition to steaming, oils can also be extracted from
plant materials by boiling in water.
Expression
As one of the oldest forms of extraction, the expression method is quite simple. This
process, often used for extracting citrus oils, involves pressing the plant, either
mechanically or manually, until all of the oils are extracted.
Enfleurage
In the process of enfleurage, large glass sheets are coated with grease and the flowers or
other plant material are spread across them. The glass sheets are then placed in tiers
between wooden frames. The flowers are then moved by hand and replaced until the
grease is able to absorb the fragrance.
Maceration
The process of maceration is similar to enfleurage however warmed up fats are used to
soak up the fragrance as opposed to grease. The fats then have to be dissolved in alcohol
so that the essential oils can be obtained.
 Method 1
Steam distillation

Essence of a flower is
extracted. This must be done
quite soon after the picking
up of the flowers when they
are still fresh.

Along with essential oils

extraction, alembic also
allows the recuperation of
Mini Alembic distilled water. 

The Arabs who made popular a distillation system to

extract oils from plants called the ALEMBIC usually
made of copper.
Method 2
Enfleurage (Cold And Warm)

This is a very expensive process used for

fragile flowers such as jasmine, tuberose or
daffodil. Due to its high cost, it has been
replaced by another technique called ‘solvent
extraction’.

Cold Enfleurage consists of using refined lard, spread on both sides of the glass of a frame
on which petals of flowers are placed and left for anything between 48 hours to several
weeks. The scent of the petals discharges into the lard and they are regularly replaced by
fresh ones. Then the lard is collected with a spoon and slowly melted then decanted in ethyl
alcohol. The blend is then cooled down to get rid of the scented lard through filtration.
Warm Enfleurage is a very ancient Egyptian method where lard was being melted in a big
pan through the ‘bain-marie’ process (double boiler) in which fresh flowers were added. This
was blended for 2 hours. The next day, the old flowers were removed with a flat sieve and
replaced with fresh flowers. This process was repeated at least 10 times. Filtration was done
to separate the lard from the flowers. A scented pommade is formed which was then
processed in the same way as cold enfleurage. 
 Method 3
Cold Expression

This process is used for citrus fruit such as lemon, bergamot, mandarin and consists of
pressing the fruit peel to obtain the essential oil. Traditionally, the peel was pressed to burst
out the layers containing the essential oil through scraping them on metallic picks. Later on,
a new process called ‘through sponge’ was developed whereas the peel was pressed several
times on a set of natural sponges attached to a clay pan. The expression was done through a
rotating movement of the hand. The expressed blend was collected by squeezing the sponges
and then decanted to separate the essential oil from the aqueous phase which also contained
wastes from the laceration of the layers of the peel.
New techniques such as CO2 extraction and headspace are now used for so-called ‘mute
flowers’ such as lilac and lily of the valley which cannot be distilled and do not release their
scent through the traditional processes.
Blending

• The oils are blended according to a formula that has

been predetermined by a master in the perfume
industry, often referred to as a “nose.” Many of these
formulas were carefully created over several years and
often include hundreds of different ingredients.
• Animal substances are often used as fixatives that
enable perfume to evaporate slowly and emit odors
longer.
• Other fixatives include coal tar, mosses, resins or
synthetic chemicals. Alcohol and sometimes water are
used to dilute ingredients in perfumes.
• It is the ratio of alcohol to scent that determines the
perfume’s strength and worth. The more essential oil,
the stronger the perfume is.
The Aging Process
• High quality and pure perfumes are often aged for months or
potentially even years after the scent has been blended. This is
done to ensure that the proper scent has been created.

• Aging allows the different scents, or notes, to really blend together.

Perfumes are made up of top notes that provide the scent with body
as well as base notes which create an enduring fragrance.

Quality Control
• Quality control is a vital aspect of the perfume manufacturing
process. It ensures that the finished perfume doesn’t contain any
harmful or undesired products, some of which could even be
banned. This way the brand’s reputation, and more importantly
public health, is protected.

• Natural ingredients can be difficult to harvest, and some perfumes

use natural animal oils which can also be troublesome to collect.
Synthetic perfume has allowed perfumers to more easily create
their scents and require less quality control.
LATEST MACHINERIES USED IN PERFUME MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

1.Water treatment Reverse Osmosis Water purifier  system

Model YX-W1000L

Capacity of pure water  1000lites/hour
Total power 2.75kw 
 Power supply  380V 50Hz three phase

RO membranes BE30- 4040      4items
The shell of membrane 4040      4items    
Booster pump 0.55kw  (1 item )
Multi-stage pump 1.5kw   (1 items)
Beforehand filter(glass fiber) φ350 x 1550 2 items

PP sediment membranes filter φ60 x 510  (5 items)
Active carbon filter 50kg
Quartz sand filter 150kg
Over-
current type ultraviolet sterrilizer D220×H550

Size (mm)            1550 x 900 x 1820mm （ L*W*H)

The system solves the troubles of frequent regeneration and cleaning during the use of ion exchanging
water purifier.
By adopting physical principle, it enables the water to pass the reverse osmosis film with a diameter of one
ten-thousandth of a micron and separates impurities, ion, microbes and colloids in the water.
 2. Perfume freezing filter perfume mixing machine

Model YX-P1000
Capacity 1000liter
Total power 7.5kw
 Power supply  380V 50Hz three phase
Refrigeration temperature -5℃- -10℃
Refrigeration liquid R22
Filter pressure 0.2 Mpa
Filtration precision 0.2μm
Thickness of the stainless ste 3mm
el tank
The diameter of the stainless
1100mm
 steel tank 

Overall size  2200*1500*1800(L*w*H)
3.Perfume filling machine vacuum filler equipment for perfume with 4 filling nozzles

Bottle height: less than 250 mm
Bottle Mouth Maximum Diameter:
less than 20 mm
Minimum Diametr: more than 4.5 mm
Filling volume: 10-5000ml

Adjustable liquid HighLevel (Away fro
m the bottle):  26-50 mm
Profile Dimension(Excluding liquid sto
rage bottle): L×W×H  660×470×1330m
m

Adaptable environment temp (0-30) °C
The height of surface can be adjusted. Components and parts w
Power: 3AC  380V
hich touched will adopts304 stainless steel.
Vacuum pump:  XD-020(Explosion-
 It suitable for the glass bottle, plastic bottle which draw out vac
proof type2X-4A)
uum and uneasy to distortion. 
Pumping rate:  5.5(Explosion-
Generally, it has two kinds: common one and explosion resistant
proof type 4) L/second
 one. When customer order it, please point out which one you w
Motor power:  0.75kw
ant.
Explosion resistant ones or adopts explosion resistant measure. 
Other part of the machine is same. 
4.High precision magnetic pump filling machine for small bottles machine de
remplissage de liquide

1. Pump head of the magnetic pump filling machine

is made by 316L stainless, with acid
proof, anticorrosive, wildly used and suitable for any
kinds of liquid, especially it used for oils, washing
liquid, acid and base liquid, high corrosive fluid. 
2. Use inverter operate, keep high filling accuracy.
3. Gear pump driven by magnetic.
4.The filling time can be accurate to 0.01 second, so
as to ensure the filling accuracy, the error is less than
2%.
5.The material mouth can be extended, the tubed Model:  YX-I
flap can be moved ,the machine can meet 5ml-2000 Volt:  220V 50/60Hz 40W
ml filling capacity requirements. Filling range:  5ml-500ml
6.You can operate the machine by hand or pedal, Filling accuracy: less than ±0.6%
automatic intermittent filling, intermittent time can Size: 350×320×190mm
be adjusted. N.T.: 23 KG
This magnetic pump filling machine is a new-style
filling machine adopted high precision mini
magnetic pump, rotate speed and time to measure
volume.
 5.Perfume capping machine

The perfume capping machine is a kind

of clamping type cap closing machine. It
is suitable for cap closing of spray caps,
The machine uses the clamp to close the
cap and fasten it on the edge of bottle
mouth. The whole machine is composed
of machine body, table surface, clamping
device and pneumatic control system.

Model YX-PC01
1) External dimensions: 500W*380L*700H(mm)
2 ） Weight: 12KG
3 ） Air requirement: 0.4 ～ 0.6MPa
4 ） Applicable bottle size: height 30 ～ 300mm  width 15 ～
100mm
5 ） Perfume capping:   standard value 4 ～ 8kg/cm
 
6.Boxes packing machine 3d film overwrapping packaging machinery for small box semi
automatic

Packaging of semi automatic 3d box

overwrapping machine YX-bw01:
Double-sided sealing BOPP, PVC,
PVDC, membrane.

Outer diameter of Ø70mm Ø330mm

Packing speed: 0-25 bags / min
Package Dimensions: Length 40-
300mm wide 40-220mm 10-100mm
high
Power consumption: 1.2kw
Voltage: 220V 50Hz
Working pressure: 0.6mpa
Weight: 230kg
Host Size: 1500 × 760 × 1085mm

* There are other accessories for assisting this line like conveyor belt, storage tank etc
 COST OF MACHINES

Serial no Machine name Machine model Price

1 Water treatment Reverse Osmosis
Water purifier  system YX-W1000L Rs. 9,155,328/-

2 Perfume freezing filter perfume

mixing machine YX-P1000 Rs. 4,27,248/-

3 Perfume filling machine vacuum

filler equipment for perfume with YX-V04 Rs. 76,294/-
4 filling nozzles
4 High precision magnetic pump
filling machine for small bottles YX-I Rs. 49,591/-
machine de remplissage de liquide
5 Perfume capping machine YX-PC01 Rs. 8,39,238/-
6 Boxes packing machine 3d film
overwrapping packaging
machinery for small box semi YX-bw01 Rs. 14,64,852/-
automatic
CRITERIA AMOUNT

Plant  Capacity                                100.00 KG/day

Land & Building (500 Sq.MT) Rs. 73.00 Lacs

Requirements
Plant &Machinery                        Rs. 9.55 Lacs for a perfume
Working Capital for 2 Months      Rs. 32.13 Lacs manufacturing
Total Capital Investment             Rs. 1.17  Cr setup
Rate of Return                              67%

Break Even Point                         36%

Operations involved
in perfume
manufacturing
Example
of a brand:
Perfume
Manufact
uring of
the brand
EFFACER
 FEW PERFUME MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDIA
1. VANESA COSMETICS PVT LTD -
https://www.vanesacosmetics.com/the-company/

2. KEVA FRAGRANCES PVT LTD - https://www.keva.co.in/content/fragrances

3. KHALIL MOULVI AND SONS -
https://www.justdial.com/Mumbai/Khalil-Moulvi-Sons-Near-Radio-Club-Colaba/02
2PXX22-XX22-001057361048-F5A4_BZDET
4. MASCHMEIJER AROMATICS INDIA LIMITED -
https://in.kompass.com/c/maschmeijer-aromatics-india-limited/in142052/
5. PARCO PERFUMES - https://in.kompass.com/c/parco-perfumes/in764338/
 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

Perfume comes under cosmetics, so the rules and regulations, certifications, requirements for
factory premises and labeling of product is the same as any other cosmetic products.
How to apply for license to manufacture cosmetics?

The procedure to be followed in order to manufacture cosmetics in India has been laid down under the Drugs
and Cosmetics Rules, 1945.
Schedule M-II classifies cosmetics into 11 broad  product categories: 1) Powders 2) Creams, lotions,
emulsions, pastes, cleansing milks, shampoos, pomade, brilliantine, shaving creams, hairoils etc. 3) Nail
Polishes and Nail Lacquers 4) Lipsticks & Lip Gloss etc. 5) Depilatories 6) Preparations used for eyes 7)
Aerosol 8) Alcoholic Fragrance Solutions (Cologne) 9) Hair Dyes 10) Tooth Powders and Tooth Pastes etc.
11) Toilet Soaps.  

For manufacturing, a license has to be obtained from a Licensing Authority appointed by the State
Government. The application has to be submitted in Form 31 along with a license fee of Rs. 2500 and an
inspection fee of Rs. 1000. The manufacturer has to ensure that the production is done in the presence of a
competent and qualified technical staff and at least one of the staff persons should possess the following
educational requirements:
1. Holds a Diploma in Pharmacy approved by the Pharmacy Council of India under the Pharmacy Act,
1948; or
2. Is registered under the Pharmacy Act, 1948; or
3. Has passed the intermediate examination with Chemistry as one of the subjects or any other examination
as recognized by the Licensing Authority as equivalent to it.
Before granting or refusing the license, the Licensing Authority is required to order
inspection of the whole premises where the operations are to be carried out. The inspectors
are appointed under the Act. They are then required to submit a detailed report to the
Licensing Authority which can then decide whether to grant the license or not.

What are the requirements for factory premises?

The factory premises needs to comply with certain conditions as laid down under
Schedule M-II. Some of the general requirements are as follows:

Location and Surroundings: It is required that the area in which the

factory/manufacturing facility is located and the vicinity are hygienic with proper sanitary
conditions. No operations should take place within or around a residential locality.  
Building: The building in which the operations are to be carried out must be free from
rodents, insects etc. The rooms of the building should be at least 6 feet from the floor in
height. It should also be smooth, waterproof and capable of being kept clean. With respect
to floors the same should be smooth, washable, even and dust-free.
Disposal of used water: Suitable arrangements should be made for careful and proper
discharge or disposal of waste water.  
Staff: The appointed staff persons should not be suffering from any communicable or
infectious disease. It is also important that they are provided with the necessary tools such
as hand gloves, masks, uniforms etc. as and when required. First aid facility should also
be available inside the factory premises.
What are the requirements pertaining to labeling of products?
Following are some of the labeling requirements as laid down under the Drugs and Cosmetics
Rules, 1945:
Name of the product along with the manufacturing address must be mentioned on both the
inner and the outer labels. If the container is small in size then the principal place of
manufacturing and the pin code are enough.
The outer label should clearly specify the net contents of the ingredients used in the
manufacture of the product.
The inner label should contain the ‘directions for use’ along with any warning or caution that
may be necessary. It should also contain names and quantities of ingredients which are
hazardous in nature.
A distinctive batch number preceded by letter ‘B’ along with manufacturing license number
preceded by letter ‘M’ must be mentioned on the label.
Quality standards in case of the aforementioned categories of products must conform to the
Indian standards laid down and revised by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) from time to
time.
What may happen if the rules are not complied with?

The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 is a punitive Act. If any of the provisions or rules under
the Act with respect to Cosmetics is/are not complied with, imprisonment upto one year or fine
upto Rs. 1000 or both can be imposed on first conviction and on subsequent convictions,
imprisonment can be extended to two years and fine to Rs. 2000.
 
Perfume
Industry
• The global perfume
market size was valued
at USD 31.4 billion in
2018 and is expected to
expand at a CAGR of
3.9% from 2019 to 2025.
• Premium perfumes
accounted for the largest
share of more than
65.0% in 2018.
• Women accounted for
the largest share of
60.1% in 2018.