Introduction to Database

Programming
Kishan wimalawrne
 Introduction
• Databases are used to data in a permanent
storage.
• Mush more efficient than using a file to write
and read from a file.
– Better structured representations
– Easy usage
• Relational databases
 RDMS systems
• Many database products (commercial and
opensource)
– Mysql
– Oracle
– Ms Access
• SQL – Structured Query Language
– Used in working with databases
 Mysql
• We will be using MySql which comes with
wamp server.
• Graphical support comes with phpmyadmin
• First we need to create a database.
– Command: (SQL)
Create database database_name
 Logical table
• Data can be models as tables.
– E.g.:- details of people
 Create a table
• CREATE Sql statement
Syntax
CREATE TABLE table_name ( column_name1 data_type,
column_name2 data_type,
column_name3 data_type, .... )

E.g-
CREATE TABLE Persons ( P_Id int, LastName varchar(255), FirstName
varchar(255), Address varchar(255), City varchar(255) )
 Retrieving values from a table
• SELECT SQL statement
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
SELECT * FROM table_name

e.g.-
SELECT LastName,FirstName FROM Persons
 Retrieving values from a table
Use SUM() ,COUNT() , MAX() …. Functions
Select COUNT(*) from Persons
-> 3

DISTINCT - return distinct values

SELECT DISTINCT City FROM Persons
 Retrieving values from a table
WHERE - extract only those records that fulfill a specified
criterion
Syntax - SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE
column_name operator value

E.g.- SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City='Sandnes'

 Retrieving values from a table
• AND / OR
E.g.- SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE
FirstName='Tove' AND LastName='Svendson‘

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName='Tove'

OR FirstName='Ola'
 Inserting Records
• INSERT
Syntax :-
INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2,
value3,...)
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

E.g.- INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (4,'Nilsen', 'Johan',

'Bakken 2', 'Stavanger')
 Inserting Records

• INSERT INTO Persons (P_Id, LastName, FirstName) VALUES (5,

'Tjessem', 'Jakob')
 Updating records
• UPDATE
UPDATE table_name SET column1=value,
column2=value2,... WHERE
some_column=some_value

E.g.. - UPDATE Persons SET Address='Nissestien 67',

City='Sandnes' WHERE LastName='Tjessem' AND
FirstName='Jakob'
Updating records
 Deleting records
• DELETE
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE
some_column=some_value

E.g.- DELETE FROM Persons WHERE LastName='Tjessem' AND

FirstName='Jakob'
 Database access with Java
• Need the java connection driver
– MySQL® Connector/J
• Download from mysql.com
• Install or link it to the project.

• Load the driver programmatically

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
• URL of database server
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql";
 Database access with Java
• Connection
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection( url,"root", "");
• Getting a statement object
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
• Executing SQL statements
stmt.executeUpdate( "CREATE DATABASE Student");
 Database access with Java
• Query data from a table
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * from Persons");

while(rs.next())
{
int id= rs.getInt(“p_id");
String ln= rs.getString(“LastName");
String fn= rs.getString(“FirstName");
System.out.println("\t ID= " + id+ "\tName = " + fn + “ “ + ln);
}