PRESENTATION

ON
MINERALS

SUBMITTED BY:SHUBHAM GUPTA

SUBMITTED TO:MR. RAJESH BIJALWAN SIR
 INTRODUCTION
A mineral is a naturally occuring inorganic solid with an orderly
crystalline structure and a defined chemical composition and very often
with a definate atomic structure.

Mineralogy is the branch of geology that deals with various aspects

related to minerals such as their individual properties,their mode of
formation and mode of occurrence.

In nature more than 2,000 minerals are known to occur and most of
them have already been thoroughly studied.
 MINERAL FORMATION FROM
HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTION
• Magma is molten rock that is formed deep inside the earth .As it
cools , it forms minerals.
• Substance dissolved in water may react to form minerals.
• Change in temperature and pressure can too lead to formation of
new minerals.
• When hot solution touch existing mineral , chemical reaction take
place and form new minerals.
CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS BASED ON
THEIR COMPOSITION
Common minerals together with thousands of other minerals
that are form on earth can be classified into groups based upon
their composition;-
• Silicates are minerals that are made of silicon and oxygen.
• Carbonates are minerals that contain the elements carbon ,
oxygen and one or more other metallic elements .
• Sulphates and sulphides are minerals that contain the
element sulphur.
• Halides are minerals that contain halogen ion and one or
more other elements.
• Native elements are minerals that only contain one element.
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
The various physical properties of minerals are as follows;-
COLOUR
The colour of any object is a light dependent property.A particular
colour is produced by reflection of some and absorption of other
components of white light . A mineral shows wavelength of that colour
which is not absorbed by it by virtue of its composition and atomic
structure.
LUSTRE
It is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral
. It depends upon following factors;-
a]Refractive index of mineral
b]Absorption capacity of mineral
c]Nature of reflecting surface
HARDNESS
It is the property of minerals which is defined as the resistance which a
mineral offers to an external deformation action such a s scrathing
,rubbing etc .It depends upon chemical composition and atomic
constitution.
CLEAVAGE
It is the tendency of a crystallised mineral to break along certain defined
direction yielding one or less smooth plane surface.
FRACTURE
Mineral that do not show cleavage property when broken are said to be
fracture.
TENACITY
The behaviour of a mineral towards the forces that tend to break
,bend .cut or crush.It is described by the term “tenacity”.
DENSITY
It is the property of all matter that is the ratio of an object’s mass to its
volume.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
The specific density of a substance is a fundamental property.It is
defined as the mass per unit volume of the substance for minerals.It is
expressed in g/cc.
THANK YOU