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1. Polyvinyl chloride ( P V C )
PROPERTIES : Rigid , tough , elastic to feel.
Uses : Plumbing pipes and sanitary fittings are manufactured out of this
material. Shower curtains , window frames, flooring , corrugated
roofing sheets , plastic coating to steel sheets tanks, water cisterns, etc.
PVC
2. Acrylic : ACRYLI
PROPERTIES: Glass clear , some whatC brittle sound when tapped.
Uses : Glazing , bath rooms and sinks.
3. Polyethylene ( or polythene ) – low density:
PROPERTIES: Flexible, feels like paraffin wax.
Uses ; bottles, buckets, sheeting water tanks.
4. Polyethylene ( or polythene )- high density :
PROPERTIES: stiff and hard, coarser than the
polythylene of low density
used as large storage bottles, water tank.
POLYETHYLENE
5. Polypropylene : POLYPROPYLENE
PROPERTIES : smooth, rigid, lightest of all plastics – it floats in water.
Uses : wc cisterns, sink traps, washing machine bids, food containers,
appliances , car fender.
6. Polystyrene : Solid ( glassy ) state at room temperature, but flows if
heated above its glass transition temperature and becoming solid again
when cooling off. Pure solid polystryrene is a colourless, hard plastic
with limited flexibility. Polysterene can be transparent or can be made to
take on various colours.
Uses : Refrigerator containers , food trays, packaging, food
containers, disposable cups, plates, cutlery, CD and cassette boxes.
POLYSTYRENE
NYLON
7. Nylon : PROPERTIES : High density polythene but smoother to feel.
Uses : Textiles , brush bristles, carpeting , surgical trays ,
bearings , pressure tubing.
THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
• These plastics are either originally soft or liquid or they soften once
upon heating, they harden permanently.
BAKELITE
2. Phenolics (
bakelite ):
PROPERTIES : The cheapest. Heavy solid plastic material, fishy
smell when burnt dark in color. Heat resistant.
Uses : Bottle caps, plastic automobile parts, bonding plywood and
chip board, glues, laminates with other materials.
3. Urea formaldehyde :
PROPERTIES : Similar to phenolic but can be produced in lighter
colours.
Uses : Door furniture, light switches, and electrical fittings,
glues, bottoms, radio cabinets, etc.
UF EPOXY
4. Epoxies:
PROPERTIES: Resin and hardener.
Uses: Used as adhesives.
5. Polyesters :
PROPERTIES: produced as fibres
and films.
Uses ; Used for reinforced plastics.
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING
TO STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
According to this classification , the plastics are divided into 2 groups.
• RIGID PLASTICS : These plastics have high modulus of elasticity and they retain
their shape under exterior stresses applied at normal or moderately increased
temperatures.
• SEMI- RIGID PLASTICS: These plastics have a medium modulus of elasticity and
the elongation under pressure completely disappears, when pressure is removed.
• SOFT PLASTICS: These plastics have a low modulus of elasticity and the
elongation under disappears slowly, when pressure is removed.
• ELASTOMERS : These plastics are soft and elastic materials with a low modulous
of elasticity. They deform considerably under load at room temperature and return
to their original shape, when the load is released. The extension can range up to
ten times their original dimensions.
PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS
The following properties are common with most of the plastics.
1. They are light in weight.
2. They have good resistance to most of the chemical.
3. They have high electrical strength.
4. They have good corrossive resistance.
5. Plastics can be moulded to any desired shape and size.
6. They can be made transperent or color.
7. They are cheap compared to metals.
8. All operations like drilling ,sawing, punching can be
done on plastics.
9. Painting and polishing is not necessary.
10. The plastics posses excellent electric insulating properties.
11. The plastics, have low specific gravity, the average being
1.3 to 1.40.
AS A BUILDING MATERIAL
1. Plastics are strong yet lightweight, and so they are easy to transport & manoeuvre.
2. They are durable, knock-and scratch resistant with excellent weatherability.
3. They do not rot or corrode.
4. Plastics are easy to install; many have a snap-fit kind of jointing procedures.
5. Plastics offer limitless possibilities in design achieved by extrusion, bending,
moulding etc
6. They can be given any range of colours by adding pigments.
7. The plastics are low conductors of heat and thus are used as insulation materials in
green building concepts.
8. The plastics products can achieve tight seals.
9. They can be sawn and nailed employing standard carpentry tools and skills.
10. They can be easily removed and recycled.
11. They are bad conductors of electricity.
Pipes : Electrical Conduits, Rain Water & Sewage pipes, Plumbing, Gas Distributions.
Cables : PVC Insulation on cables, Insulation Tapes .
Floorings : Flooring tiles & Rolls .
Domes / sky lights : Opaque as well as transparent.
Roofing : Coloured or Double skinned for insulation
Windows & doors : Extruded sections for Door and windows and panels.
Storage tanks : Storage tanks.
Hardware accessories : Washers, Nut bolts, Sleeves, Anchoring wires.
Temporary structures: Guard cabins, tents Insulation materials: PVC sheets, insulating
membranes
PLASTIC FLOORING
Available in two types:
• Hard polypropylene
• Soft PVC.
3. Laser cut acrylic panels have been used to redirect sunlight into a
light pipe or tubular skylight and, from there, to spread it into a
room.
• One of the most common uses for FRP involves the repair and
rehabilitation of damaged or deteriorating structures.