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2

What to hide
Ȃ Texts
Ȃ Images
Ȃ Sound
2

How to hide
Ȃ embed text in text/images/sound files
Ȃ embed image in text/image/sound files
Ȃ embed sound in text/image/sound files
      

2„sing covering pictures is the

most frequent method of hiding
information.
     
2 The color of each pixel is defined by 3 bytes.
2 (There are a couple of methods defining color.This is just one of them.)
2 The different colors for a pixel can be as many as 2^(8*3)=16 777 216.
2 Though human eye is very sensitive, such an extreme variety of colors
cannot be distinguished. The colorchange of a pixel is not visible if the
LSBs of the color bytes are changed. (In fact the average number of
changes affect half of the color bytes only)
2 The hidden information is carried by the LSBs of the color bytes.

Color information that belongs to each pixel of a picture

 ñ  
è Changing the LSBs of the basic colors cannot be detected
by a visual way, at least not on a computer screen.
è Changing,however, the last four bits of a color byte could
be detected visually.
è The reason for that is in the physiological characteristic of
the human eyes.
è The black and white and gray-scale sensing abilities of the
human eyes are much better, but in spite of that the gray-
scale pictures are more suitable for hiding information in
them.
è Changing LSBs the average byte change is half of the total
number of color bytes.
p     
!  
2 In the following slides I want 2 show two pictures in
each slide.

2 The left picture is the one in which there is no hidden

information while the right one contains a text of 4862
bytes in the LSBs of the pixels.

2 To hide that big amount of information we used the

LSBs of all three color bytes of the three basic colors.
M
  

  



   !
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 ?!   

The following slides demonstrate the case when the

second half (i.e. Four bits) of the color bytes are used
for hiding. In those cases the changing of the picture
can be sensed visually too.
#
   $ 
2 It has at least two meanings as follows
2 There are:
Ȉ visible and
Ȉ non visible e-watermarks.
2 The problem is that visibility as such is very subjective.
2 We may talk about hardly visible and very much visible
e-watermarks as well.
 V$ 
2 This is a hiding technology which is suitable to
produce both:
Ȉ Non-detectable e-watermarks and
Ȉ e-watermarks of different grade of visibility
In next 2 slide I want to show both non-detectable and
detectable watermark
 p $ %&'
The
original
picture
(18 957
bytes)
 p $ %('
Vasking
Applied
To the
Picture.
Visible
Water-
Vark
(19 296
bytes =
+ 1,8%
 m 

To conclude I want to say that steganoragraphy is

wonderful tool for hiding information or important
data from the hackers and by using this tool we are
easily able send our data to our destiny without having
a fear of capturing of our data.

#)