DETECTION OF BRAIN TUMOR USING MRI

IMAGES

Farheen Wahab
M.Tech (ECS)
2nd year
R No- 1701311002
Contents
• Introduction

• Imaging techniques

• Analysis techniques

• Comparison

• Example

• Conclusion

• Reference
INTRODUCTION
• A brain tumour occurs when abnormal cells forms within the brain.
Tumours can be malignant or benign.

• Detection of brain tumour at an early stage is important because its

symptoms becomes significant at the advanced stage.

• Medical imaging is a growing and challenging field in medical

science.

• Nowadays image processing plays an important role and its use has
increased significantly in the medical field, particularly in the
imaging area.
INTRODUCTION
• Magnetic Resonance (MR) images were first invented in 1977 for
the human body.

• With the help of MR images the details of internal structures of the

body can be visualised.

• MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients

and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body.

• MR images observe different soft tissues of the human body and is

capable to contrast between these tissues.

• MRI is widely used in the medical field, especially in brain imaging.

Imaging Techniques
To help the early diagnosis and detection of brain tumour, various
imaging techniques are being utilized nowadays.
Imaging Techniques
These are listed below:

• Computed Tomography

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Angiography

• Brain Scan

• Skull X-rays

• Biopsy
Why MRI images are preferred?
• MRI provides detailed information about the structure of the
cell, vascular supply and anatomy.

• It is well suited for soft tissue evaluation.

• It is safer than CT scan.

• MRI machines can produce images in any plane.

• MRI images have better image quality as compared to other

imaging techniques.
Analysis Techniques
• Pre processing techniques

• Feature extraction techniques

• Segmentation techniques

• Morphological operations
Pre processing techniques :

• The primary task of pre processing is to improve the quality of

the MR images.

• It also improves certain parameters of MR images such as signal-

to noise ratio, enhancing the visual appearance of MR image.

• To remove the noise several filters can be used such as median

filter, Gaussian filter and the others.

• Skull stripping is used to eliminate all the non brain tissues from
the brain images.
Segmentation Techniques:
Segmentation Techniques:

• Segmentation is done by dividing the image into multiple set

of pixels.

• It is used to simplify the image and make it more meaningful

and easier to analyse.

• Different segmentation techniques are Threshold based

segmentation, K means clustering segmentation, Fuzzy C
means segmentation, Histogram Thresholding and Region
based segmentation.
 Threshold based segmentation:

• It is the simplest image segmentation technique used for partitioning

image into regions based on intensity values.

• It is classified into Local and Global thresholding.

 K means Clustering segmentation:

• It is an unsupervised learning algorithm.

• Clustering refers to the process of grouping pixels of an image

together that share some similar characteristics.

• It gives fast outputs. The only problem is the selection of the correct
clustered image.
 Fuzzy C means segmentation:

• It is a form of many valued logic or probabilistic logic.

• It is a way of processing the data by giving the partial membership
value to each pixel in the image.
• It by definition means approximate values rather than fixed or
exact values.

 Histogram thresholding:

• It is based on symmetrical structure of the brain.

• It is a plot between number of pixels and grey level intensity.
• The image is divided into two parts and histogram of each half is
plotted and then compared.
 Region based segmentation:

• It is a technique in which segmentation is carried out based on

the similarities in the given image.

• It creates regions directly by grouping together pixels which

share common features into region.

• It includes region growing, region splitting and region

splitting and merging.
Feature extraction techniques:

• It is the process of collecting higher level information of an

image such as shape, texture, colour and contrast.

• Texture analysis is an important parameter in human perception

and machine learning system.

• The reason for feature extraction is to shrink the novel data by

measuring definite features.

• Some of the useful features are mean, standard deviation,

entropy, energy, contrast, correlation and many more.
Morphological operations:

• It refers to the description of the properties of shape and structure

of any objects.

• These operations are applied on binary images.

• The major morphological operations are erosion, dilation,

opening and closing.

• Dilation combines two sets using vector addition.

• Erosion combines two sets using vector subtraction and is the

dual operator of dilation.
Comparison
• A brief comparison of few algorithms is shown in the table
below:
Method Area Shape Location
Histogram Most inefficient Most inefficient Accurate
Thresholding
K-Means clustering Good Results Good Results Good Results

Fuzzy C Means Inefficient Inefficient Good

K-Means + Histogram Good Results Not so good Good Results
Thresholding

K-Means + Fuzzy C Most accurate Most accurate Most accurate

means
Fuzzy C means + Inefficient results Inefficient results Good Results
Histogram
Thresholding
K-Means + Fuzzy C Better results Better results Better results
means + Histogram
Thresholding
Example
Conclusion
• Image processing technology offers a large number of
applications in the field of medicine.

• This field brings people of different backgrounds together

with a common aim to work for the benefit of mankind.

• This presentation is made on the basis of some of the recent

research work done on the brain tumour detection and
segmentation.

• An objective comparison of various techniques used in pre

processing, feature extraction and segmentation is discussed .
References
• Anupurba Nandi, “ Detection of human brain tumour using MRI image
segmentation and morphological operators”, IEEE International Conference
on Computer Graphics, Vision and Information Security(CGVIS), 2015

• Natarajan P, Krishnan N, Natasha Sandeep Kenkre, Shraiya Nancy,

Bhuvanesh Pratap Singh, “Tumour Detection using threshold operation in
MRI Brain Images”, IEEE International Conference on Computational
Intelligence and Computing Research, 2012

• Shobana G, Ranjith Balakrishnan, “Brain Tumour Diagnosis from MRI

Feature Analysis – A Comparative Study”, IEEE Sponsored 2nd
International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and
Communication Systems ICIIECS’15, 2015
References
• B. Suneetha, Dr. A. Jhansi Rani, “ A Survey on Image Processing for Brain
Tumour Detection using Magnetic Resonance Imaging”, IEEE
International Conference on Innovations in Green Energy and Healthcare
Technologies (ICIGEHHT’17),2017

• Nailah Afshan, Shaima Qureshi, Syed Mujtiba Hussain, “ Comparative

Study of Tumor Detection Algorithms”, International Conference on
Medical Imaging, m-Health and Emerging Communication Systems
(MedCom), 2014