Tourism Network and

Supply Components
The travel industry is the composite of
organizations, both private and public, that are
involved in the development, production, and
marketing of products and services to serve the
needs of the travelers. (Gee and Makens, 1997)

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Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
• Businesses and corporations are regarded
as components of the travel industry
classified as:

– Direct providers
– Support services
– Developmental organizations

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Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
Direct Providers
• Includes businesses that are associated with travel, such
as airlines, hotels, restaurants, ground transportation,
travel agencies and retail shops.

• These businesses provide services, activities, and

products that are consumed and/or purchased directly by
travelers.

• They represent the sectors of the industry that are visible

to the travelers.

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Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
Support Services
• Lends support to direct providers.

• It includes specialized services such as tour organizers,

travel and trade publications, hotel management firms,
and travel research firms.

• It also includes basic supplies and services such as

contract laundry and contract food services.

• Support services sell goods and services directly but not

exclusively to tourists.
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Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
Developmental Organization
• It includes planners, government agencies, financial
institutions, real estate developers and educational and
vocational training institutions.

• These organizations deal with tourism development

which tend to be more complex and broader in scope
than the production of daily travel services.

• The decisions and results of tourism development are

more long-term in nature than the first two categories
which deal more with operations.
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Principles of Tourism 1 By: 7
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 Tourism Supply Components
1. Natural Resources

2. Infrastructure

3. Superstructure

4. Transportation and transportation equipment

5. Hospitality Resources
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Natural Resources
• Includes elements in an area for the use and
enjoyment of visitors such as climate, landforms,
terrain, flora, fauna, bodies of water, beaches,
natural beauty and water supply for drinking,
sanitation and similar uses.

• The physical characteristics of an area can be

generalized as natural scenery, climate, and
environment.

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Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
Infrastructure
• Consists of all underground and surface developmental
construction of a region, which is made up of:
– water supply systems
– gas lines
– sewage disposal systems
– electrical and communication systems
– and other constructed facilities such as highways,
airports, rail roads, roads, drives, parking lots, parks,
night lighting, marinas and dock facilities, bus and
train station facilities and similar tourist service
installations.

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Superstructure
• The above ground facility services such as
airport buildings, passenger traffic
terminals, hotels, motels, resorts,
restaurant, shopping centers, places of
entertainment, museums, stores, and
similar structures.

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 Transportation and Transportation
Equipment
• Includes items such as ships, airplanes,
trains, buses, limousines, taxis,
automobiles, cog railways, aerial tramway,
and similar passenger transportation
facilities.

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 Hospitality Resources
• Include the cultural wealth of an area, which makes
possible the successful hosting of tourists.

• Examples are the welcoming spirit of tourist business

employees, attitudes of the residents toward visitors,
courtesy, friendliness, sincere interest, willingness to
serve and to get acquainted with visitors, and other
manifestations of warmth and friendliness.

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Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
Hospitality resources can be improved by training tourism
personnel to be hospitable and encouraging positive feelings
toward tourism and tourist by the general public

Hospitality Training
-aims to motivate service providers to be hospitable in dealing
with tourist.

- to enable services providers to render hospitality services, it

is necessary to change their present behavior.
There are three aspects of attitude are toward self, toward
others, and toward the tourism industry.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
A. Attitude Towards Self
if an individual’s self-esteem or attitude toward self is low,
that individual will tend to behave in such a way that the
feedback from others will confirm the low opinion of himself.

B. Attitude Toward Others

This second aspects, service providers should be assisted
in developing positive feelings toward fellow employees and
tourist. This can be achieved by training the individual
regarding teamwork and interdependence in getting the job
done.
_
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
C. Attitude Toward the Tourism Industry
This third aspect, a positive attitude of service providers
towards tourist can be brought about only when employees are
made aware of how important tourism is to their country, city, and
community.
to facilitate a change in attitude, it is necessary to raise the
level of knowledge of the individual.

D. Community Awareness Programs

Although the tourists are most directly affected by the degree of
hospitality shown by service providers, the overall feeling of
welcoming within a community will also enhance or detract from
the vacation experience.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.