Intermolecular Forces (IMF)

Kinetic Molecular Model of Liquids and Solids

KMT also explains…
KMT provides an insight that molecules..
 Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces
(IMF) refer to the
attractive, and repulsive
forces between
molecules of matter.
Dipole-dipole interactions

•Occur between polar molecules

London Forces (London Dispersion Forces)
• Act in all molecules
• Also called induced dipole
attractions or van der Waals
forces
• These forces are responsible
for many physical and
chemical phenomena such as
adhesion, friction, diffusion,
surface tension, and viscosity.
Ion-Dipole Forces
• Ionic forces are interactions between charged atoms or molecules
(“ions”).
• When ionic compounds are dissolved in water, the ions separate
(dissociate) because polar water molecules attract ions more than the
ions attract each other.
Hydrogen Bonds
Properties of Liquids and IMF
• 1. Surface Tension
• We describe surface tension as the ratio of surface
force F which applies on a liquid to the length d along
which the force acts. This is the same thing that makes
insects like water strider to walk on water effortlessly
or the floating of a paperclip. Thus, the surface tension
formula is:
• Surface tension = (surface force)/ (length force acts)
γ = F /d
• You have a small piece of metal that is 1 cm long
and weighs 0.1 N. Find out the surface tension.
• A small insect of about 1.5 cm long is posed
upon the water. The surface tension of the water
is 5 N/m. Calculate the estimated mass of the
insect?
• 2. Viscosity
• 3. Vapor Pressure
• 4. Boiling point
• 5. Molar heat of Vaporization
• Molar heat = amount of heat
required to boil (condense) 1.00
mole of a substance at its boiling
point
• How much heat is required to boil 80g of H2O to its boiling point of
100oC.
• How much heat should be removed to liquefy 9g g of water vapor at
100oC?