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ANNUITY
General Annuity - an
annuity where the
payment interval is not
the same as the interest
compounding period
General Ordinary Annuity
- a general annuity in
which the periodic payment
is made at the end of the
payment interval
Examples of General Annuity:
𝑭
𝑃 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 𝑅 . .. 𝑅
0 1 2 3 4 5 . .. 𝑛
The main difference is that
= per conversion
period
= frequency of conversion for
Formula to find Future Value
in General Annuity
𝑛
𝑅 [(1+ 𝑗 ) −1]
𝐹=
𝑗
= Regular payments
= total no. of payments
j = Equivalent Rate per conversion period
EXAMPLE 1. Mel started to
deposit ₱1,000 monthly in a
fund that pays 6%
compounded quarterly.
How much will be in the
fund after 15 years?
G E N E R A L
ANNUITY
The cash flow for this problem
is shown in the diagram
below.
EXAMPLE 1. Mel started to
deposit ₱1,000 monthly in a
fund that pays 6%
compounded quarterly.
How much will be in the
fund after 15 years?
Given:
𝑅=¿ ₱1,000
𝑟=¿ 6% or 0.06
𝑚=¿ 4
EXAMPLE 1. Mel started to
deposit ₱1,000 monthly in a
fund that pays 6%
compounded quarterly.
How much will be in the
fund after 15 years?
Given:
𝑅=¿ ₱1,000
𝑟=¿ 6% or 0.06
𝑚=¿ 4
= 12
EXAMPLE 1. Mel started to
deposit ₱1,000 monthly in a
fund that pays 6%
compounded quarterly.
How much will be in the
fund after 15 years?
Given:
𝑅=¿ ₱1,000
𝑟=¿ 6% or 0.06
𝑚=¿ 4
= 12
𝑡=¿15 years
Find : 𝐹
𝑚
𝑟 ( )−1
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚( ) 𝑚𝑗
4
0.06 ( ) −1
(
𝑗 = 1+
4 ) 12
𝑛
𝑅 [(1+ 𝑗 ) −1]
𝐹=
𝑗
180
1,000 [ (1+0.004975 ) −1]
𝐹=
0.004975
𝐹=₱ 290,076.28
EXAMPLE 2. A teacher saves
₱5,000 every 6 months in a
bank that pays 0.25%
compounded monthly. How
much will be her savings
after 10 years?
G E N E R A L
ANNUITY
The cash flow for this problem
is shown in the diagram
below.
Given:
𝑅=¿ ₱5,000
𝑚=¿ 12
EXAMPLE 2. A teacher saves
₱5,000 every 6 months in a
bank that pays 0.25%
compounded monthly. How
much will be her savings
after 10 years?
Given:
𝑅=¿ ₱5,000
𝑚=¿ 12
2
EXAMPLE 2. A teacher saves
₱5,000 every 6 months in a
bank that pays 0.25%
compounded monthly. How
much will be her savings
after 10 years?
Given:
𝑅=¿ ₱5,000
𝑚=¿ 12
2
t 10 years
𝑛=¿ 2x10 = 20
Find : 𝐹
Given:
𝑅=¿ ₱5,000
𝑚=¿ 12
2
t 10 years
𝑛=¿ 2x10 = 20
Find : 𝐹
𝑚
𝑟 ( )−1
(
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚 ) 𝑚𝑗
12
0.0025 ( ) −1
(
𝑗 = 1+
12 ) 2
𝑛
𝑅 [(1+ 𝑗 ) −1]
𝐹=
𝑗
20
5,000 [ (1+0.001251 ) − 1 ]
𝐹=
0.001251
𝐹=₱ 101,197.42
1. On a girl's 10th birthday,
her father started to deposit
P5,000 quarterly at the end of
each term in a fund that pays
1% compounded monthly.
How much will be in the fund
on his daughter’s 17 th
birthday?𝐹=₱ 144,832.94
2. In order to save for her high
school graduation, Kathrina
decided to save P200 at the end
of every other month, starting the
end of the second month. If the
bank pays 0.250% compounded
monthly, how much will be her
money at the end of 5 years?
𝐹 = ₱ 6,036.42
ANSWERS
1. Given:
𝑅=¿ P5,000
𝑡 =7 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝑟=¿ 1% or 0.01
𝑚=¿ 12
𝑛=¿ 4x7 = 28
𝑚 𝑗 =¿4
Find : 𝐹
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
[( ) ]
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚
𝑚𝑗
1
0.0 1 ( )
12
[ 12 ) ]
𝑗= (1+
4
−1
𝑛
𝑅 [(1+ 𝑗 ) −1]
𝐹=
𝑗
28
5,000 [ (1+0.002502 ) − 1 ]
𝐹=
0.002502
𝐹=₱ 144,832.94
2. Given:
𝑅=¿ P200
𝑡=¿ 5 years
𝑚=¿ 12
𝑛=¿ 6x5= 30
𝑚 𝑗 =¿ 6
Find : 𝐹
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
[( ) ]
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚
𝑚𝑗
1
0.0 025 ( )
12
[ 12 ) ]
𝑗= (1+
6
−1
𝑛
𝑅 [(1+ 𝑗 ) −1]
𝐹=
𝑗
30
200 [ ( 1+ 0.000417 ) − 1 ]
𝐹=
0.000417
𝐹=₱ 6,036.42
Formula to find the Present
Value in General Annuity
−𝑛
𝑅 [ 1 − ( 1+ 𝑗 ) ]
𝑃=
𝑗
= Regular payments
= total no. of payments
= per conversion
period
Formula to find the Regular
Payments in General Annuity
( 𝑃𝑗)
𝑅= −𝑛
[1 − (1 + 𝑗 ) ]
= Regular payments
= total no. of payments
= per conversion
period
Example 1. Ken borrowed an
amount of money from Kat. He
agrees to pay the principal plus
interest by paying P38,973.76
each year for 3 years. How
much money did he borrow if
interest is 8% compounded
quarterly?
The cash flow for this problem
is shown in the diagram below.
𝑃?
𝑃38,973.76
𝑃38,
973.76 𝑃38,
973.76
0
1
2
3
Given:
𝑅=¿ P38,973.76
𝑟=¿ 8% or 0.08
𝑚=¿ 4
1
𝑡=¿ 3 years
𝑛=¿ 1x3= 3
Find : 𝑃
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
[( ) ]
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚
𝑚𝑗
1
0. 08 (4
)
[ 4 )]
𝑗 = ( 1+ −
1
1
−𝑛
𝑅 [ 1 − ( 1+ 𝑗 ) ]
𝑃=
𝑗
−3
38,973.76 [ 1 − ( 1+0.082432 ) ]
𝑃=
0.082432
𝑃= ₱ 100,000.03
EXAMPLE 2. Mrs. Remoto would
like to buy a television (TV) set
payable monthly for 6 months
starting at the end of the month.
How much is the cost of the TV
set if her monthly payment is
P3,000 and interest is 9%
compounded semi-annually?
The cash flow for this problem
is shown in the diagram
below.
𝑃?
𝑃3,000
𝑃3,000
𝑃3,000
𝑃3,000
𝑃3,000
𝑃3,000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Given:
𝑅=¿ P3,000
𝑟=¿ 9% or 0.09
𝑚=¿ 2
12
𝑡=¿6 months
𝑛=¿ 6
Find : 𝑃
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
[( ) ]
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚
𝑚𝑗
1
0. 09 (2
)
[ 2 )]
𝑗 = ( 1+
12
−1
−𝑛
𝑅 [1 −(1+ 𝑗 ) ]
𝑃=
𝑗
−6
3,000 [ 1 − ( 1+0.007363 ) ]
𝑃=
0.007363
𝑃= ₱ 17,545.09
Answer the following
annuity problems. Show
your solution.
Find the future value:
Semi-annual payments of
P8,000 at the end of each
TIME’S UP!
term for 12 years with interest
rate of 12% compounded
quarterly
𝐹=₱ 411,461.66
Find the cash value:
Semi-annual payments of
TIME’S UP!
P8,000 at the end of each term
for 12 years with interest rate
of 12% compounded quarterly
𝑃= ₱ 99,573.23
Quiz/Assignment:
Bond paper
𝑟=¿ 9% or 0.09
𝑚=¿ 1
1 𝑝𝑡
2
𝑡 =10 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝑛=¿ 2x10 = 20
Find : 𝐹
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
𝑗 = 1+
[(
𝑚 ) ] 𝑚𝑗
1
1
() 1 𝑝𝑡
0.0 9
[(
𝑗 = 1+
1 )] 2
−1
𝑗 =0.044031 1 𝑝𝑡
𝑛
𝑅 [(1+ 𝑗 ) −1]
1 𝑝𝑡
𝐹=
𝑗
1 𝑝𝑡
20
5,000 [ (1+0.044031 ) − 1 ]
𝐹=
0.044031
𝑚=¿ 2
1 𝑝𝑡
4
𝑛=¿ 8
Find : 𝑃
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
[( ) ]
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚
𝑚𝑗
1
0. 12 ( ) 2
1 𝑝𝑡
[ 2 )]
𝑗 = ( 1+ −1
4
𝑗=0.029563 1 𝑝𝑡
−𝑛
𝑅 [ 1 − ( 1 + 𝑗 ) 1 ]𝑝𝑡
𝑃=
𝑗
1 𝑝𝑡
−8
24,491.28 [ 1 − ( 1+0.029563 ) ]
𝑃=
0.029563
𝑃= ₱ 172,238.62 2 𝑝𝑡𝑠
3. Given:
𝐷𝑃=¿ P169,000
𝑅=¿ P12,000
1 𝑝𝑡
𝑚=¿ 1
12
𝑡=¿ 5 years
𝑛=¿ 60
𝑃/𝐶𝑃
Find :
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
[( ) ]
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚
𝑚𝑗
1
( 1
) 1 𝑝𝑡
0. 10
[ 1 )]
𝑗 = ( 1+
12
−1
𝑗=0.007974 1 𝑝𝑡
𝑅 [ 1 − ( 1 + 𝑗 ) 1] 𝑝𝑡
−𝑛
𝑃=
𝑗 1 𝑝𝑡
− 60
12,000 [ 1 − ( 1+0.007974 ) ]
𝑃=
0.007974
𝑃= ₱ 570,464.24 2 𝑝𝑡𝑠
₱ 𝟕𝟑𝟗 , 𝟒𝟔𝟒 . 𝟐𝟒
2 𝑝𝑡𝑠
23 POINTS
+ 2 POINTS
25 POINTS
We will now apply the
concepts of present and
future values to solve
problems about
cash flows.
Cash Flow
and
Fair Market
A cash flow is a term that
refers to payments
received (cash inflows) or
payments or deposits
made (cash outflows).
The fair market value or
economic value of a cash
flow (payment stream) on a
particular date refers to a
single amount that is
equivalent to the value of the
payment stream at that date.
This particular date is
called the focal date.
EXAMPLE 1. Mr. Ribaya
received two offers on a
lot that he wants to sell.
Mr. Ocampo has offered
₱50,000 and P1 million
lump sum payment
5 years from now.
Mr. Cruz has offered
₱50,000 plus P40,000
every quarter for five
years.
Compare the fair market
values of the two offers if
money can earn 5%
compounded annually.
𝑟= 5% ,𝑚 =1 ,𝑡 =5
Find:
SOLUTION 1.
Choose the focal date to be
the start of the term. Since
the focal date is at ,
compute for the present
value of each offer.
Mr. Ocampo’s Offer
₱ 50,000 𝑃1,000,000
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr. Ocampo's offer:
₱ 50,000 𝑃1,000,000
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr. Ocampo's offer:
₱ 50,000 𝑃1,000,000
0 1 2 3 4 5
𝐹
𝑃= (𝑚𝑡 )
𝑟
( 1+
𝑚 )
1,000,000
𝑃= ( 1 𝑥 5)
0.05
1+( 1 )
𝑃= P 783,526.17
+
𝐹𝑀𝑉 =¿ P 833,526.17
𝑟= 5% ,𝑚 =1 ,𝑡 =5
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
𝑗=
[( 1+
𝑚 ) ] 𝑚𝑗
1
0. 05
1
()
[(
𝑗 = 1+
1 )]4
−1
𝑗=0. 012272
−𝑛
𝑅 [1 −(1+ 𝑗 ) ]
𝑃=
𝑗
− 20
40,000 [1 − (1+0.012272 ) ]
𝑃=
0.012272
𝑃= ₱ 705,574.33
₱50,000
+
𝐹𝑀𝑉 =¿ P 755,574.33
𝑟= 5% ,𝑚 =1 ,𝑡 =5
+
𝐹𝑀𝑉 =¿P 1,063,814.08
𝐹=₱ 900,507.34
The future value of
P50,000 at the
end of the term is
P63,814.08
+
𝐹𝑀𝑉 =¿ 𝑃 964,321.42
P1,063,814.08 P964,321.42
= P99,492.66
Company A offers P150,000 at the
end of 3 years plus P300,000 at
the end of 5 years. Company B
offers P25,000 at the end of each
quarter for the next 5 years.
Assume that money is worth 8%
compounded semi-annually.
Which offer has a better market
value?
Given:
Company A Company B
P150,000 at the
end of 3 years, R = P25,000
and t = 5 years
P300,000 at the mj = 4
end of 5 years
r = 8%, m = 2
Company A offer
𝑃150,000
𝑃300,000
0 1 2 3 4 5
Company B offer
𝑃 25,000
𝑃 25,000
𝑃 25,000
𝑃
. .. 25,000
0 1 2 3 . .. 20
Focal Date Start of the Term
Company A offer
The present value of P150,000 three
years from now is
𝐹
𝑃= ( 𝑚𝑡)
( 1 +𝑟 / 𝑚 )
150,000
𝑃= ( 2 𝑥 3)
( 1 +0.08 /2 )
150,000
𝑃= ( 2 𝑥 3)
( 1 +0.08 /2 )
𝑃= ₱118,547.18
+
P 321,216.43
Fair Market
Value (FMV)
Focal Date Start of the Term
Company B offer
Compute for the present value of a
general annuity with quarterly
payments but with semiannual
compounding at 8%.
Solve the equivalent rate, compounded quarterly, of 8% compounded semi−an ual y.
𝑚
𝑗 =(1+𝑟 / 𝑚 )
( )
𝑚𝑗
−1
2
() )
4
𝑗 = ( 1+0.08 / 2 −1
𝑗 =0.019804
The present value of an annuity is
−𝑛
𝑅 [1 −(1+ 𝑗 ) ]
𝑃=
𝑗
−20
25,000 [ 1 − ( 1+0.019804 ) ]
𝑃=
0.019804
𝑃= ₱409,560.09
Focal Date Start of the Term
Company A offer
Fair Market Value (FMV) =
Company B offer
Fair Market Value (FMV) =
1
0. 045 ( )
12
[ 12 ) ]
𝑗 = ( 1+ − 1
2 1pt
𝑗=0.022712
1pt
𝑛
𝑅 [ ( 1 + 𝑗 ) − 11pt
]
𝐹=
𝑗
1pt
12
7 , 000 [ (1+0.0 22712 ) − 1 ]
𝐹=
0. 022712
𝐹=₱ 𝟗𝟓 ,𝟑𝟐𝟗 . 𝟒𝟒
2pts
2. Given:
DP = P200,000
R = P16,600
r = 5% or 0.05
1pt
m=2
mj = 12
t = 5 years
n = 60
Find: P/CP
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
[( ) ]
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚
𝑚𝑗
1
0. 05 ( 2
)
[ 2 )]
1pt
𝑗= (1+
12
−1
𝑗=0.004124
1pt
−𝑛
𝑅 [ 1 − ( 1+ 𝑗 ) ]1pt
𝑃=
𝑗
1pt
−60
16 , 6 00 [ 1 − ( 1+0.0 04124 ) ]
𝑃=
0.0 04124
𝑃= ₱880,742.24
2pts
₱ 𝟏,𝟎𝟖𝟎,𝟕𝟒𝟐.𝟐𝟒
2 𝑝𝑡𝑠
3. Given:
R = P2,500
r = 9% or 0.09
m=1 1pt
mj = 12
t = 6 months
n=6
Find: P
1
𝑟
𝑚
( )−1
[(
𝑗 = 1+
𝑚 )] 𝑚𝑗
1
0. 09
1
( )
[( )] 12 1pt
𝑗 = 1+ −1
1
𝑗=0.007207
1pt
−𝑛
𝑅 [ 1 − ( 1+ 𝑗 ) ]1pt
𝑃=
𝑗
1pt
−6 0
2 , 5 00 [ 1− (1+0.0 07207 ) ]
𝑃=
0.007207
𝑃= ₱14,628.77 2pts
decision 1pt
reason 1pt
Prob. # 1 – 7 points
Prob. # 2 – 9 points
Prob. # 3 – 9 points
TOTAL – 25 POINTS