DISASTER

AWARENESS AND
PREPAREDNESS
GROUP V
PRESENTED BY
Castro Quintela
Lamar Crisostomo
Decano Magno
Disaster preparedness refers to the preventive
measures taken to reduce the severity of a disaster’s
effects. The goal of disaster preparedness is to lessen
the impact of disasters on vulnerable populations, to
ready an organization for an influx of activity, and to
design a coordinated plan that reduces the waste of
resources, time, and efforts.

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Disaster, as defined by the United Nations, is a serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or society, which involve widespread human,
material, economic or environmental impacts that exceed the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
Disaster management is how we deal with the human, material, economic or
environmental impacts of said disaster, it is the process of how we “prepare
for, respond to and learn from the effects of major failures”.

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Types of Disaster
Natural Disasters
According to the International Federation of Red Cross
& Red Crescent Societies Natural Disasters are
naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either
by rapid or slow onset events that have immediate
impacts on human health and secondary impacts
causing further death and suffering. These disasters
can be:
1. Geophysical (e.g. Earthquakes, Landslides, Tsunamis
and Volcanic Activity),
2. Hydrological (e.g. Avalanches and Floods) 
3. Climatological (e.g. Extreme Temperatures, Drought
and Wildfires) 
4. Meteorological (e.g. Cyclones and Storms/Wave
Surges) 
5. Biological (e.g. Disease Epidemics and
Insect/Animal Plagues)
Man-made disasters

Man-Made Disasters as viewed by the International

Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies are
events that are caused by humans which occur in or
close to human settlements often caused as a results of
Environmental or Technological Emergencies. This
can include:
Environmental Degradation
Pollution
Accidents (e.g. Industrial, Technological and Transport
usually involving the production, use or transport of
hazardous materials)
Complex Emergencies

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 Pandemic Emergencies
Pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan "all" and δῆμος demos "people") is an
epidemic of infectious disease that has spread across a large region,
which can occur to the human population or animal population and may
affect health and disrupt services leading to economic and social costs. It
may be an unusual or unexpected increase in the number of cases of an
infectious disease which already exists in a certain region or population
or can also refer to the appearance of a significant number of cases of an
infectious disease in a region or population that is usually free from that
disease.
Pandemic Emergencies may occur as a consequence of natural or man-
made disasters. These have included the following epidemics:

Ebola
Zika Malaria
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Yellow Fever
Avian Flu Dengue Fever
Cholera
 The Four Thematic Framework of Disaster Management

Disaster Prevention and Disaster Rehabilitation and

Disaster Preparedness
Establish and strengthen
capacities of communities to
anticipate, cope and recover
from the negative impacts of
emergency occurrences and
disasters
Disaster Response
Provide life preservation and
meet the basic subsistence
needs of affected population
based on acceptable standards
during or immediately after a
disaster
Mitigation
Avoid hazards and mitigate
their potential impacts by
reducing vulnerabilities and
exposure and enhancing
capacities of communities
Recovery
Restore and improve facilities,
livelihood and living conditions and
organizational capacities of affected
communities, and reduced disaster
risks in accordance with the “building
back better” principle
 Evacuation Center Management
1. Activation of the Evacuation center and EC Management teams

ECM Committee Chairperson, with the information from the LDRRMC or LDRRMO that an evacuation of affected families is
eminent, shall activate the Camp Management Teams and:
1.1. Deploy the Camp Management Teams to their assigned evacuation centers
1.2. Inform the building, structure or property owners
1.3. Inspect the facilities to ensure that everything is in order and functional
1.4. Bring Camp Management Kits
1.5. Camp Management Team to conduct planning session, ideally before accepting IDPs
1.6. The members of the Camp Management Team shall wear, at all times, identifiable markers (Identification Cards, Name
Plates, Shirts, Vests or Jackets)
1.7. Set-up the Evacuation Center
a. Visible and with proper directions
b. With adequate visibility using streamers or sign board
c. Sufficient supplies and communication capacity

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 2. Organization of 3. Basic facilities
Evacuation Center and standards
Management
Committtees

2.1 Wash Team 3.1. Shelter and Accommodation

2.2 HealthTeam
2.3. Education Team
2.4. Food and Non-Food
Items (NFI) Team
2.5. Logistics Team
2.6. Protection, Safety and
Security Team
3.1.1. The Local government units shall ensure that adequate shelter is provided to
the evacuees.
3.12. To guide LGUs: short-term and long-term
3.1.3. Check for connection on electricity and water
3.2. Camp Management desk or office
3.2.1. An office or desk will be set-up in each evacuation center.
3.2.2. The office/desk will be properly marked with visibility
3.3. Toilets and Bathing Areas
3.3.1. Toilets must be well lighted, can be locked from the inside, with adequate
ventilation

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Evacuation Center Management Plan
Immediately upon the issuance of these
guidelines, all local government units shall
develop an evacuation center management
plan that will include the following
1. List of Evacuation centers with contact
numbers of camp management team
2. List of activities to be undertaken within
the duration of the evacuees' stay inside the
evacuation center
3. Responsible person/partner agencies and
their contact numbers involved in the
management of EC
4. Resources Needed
5. Expected output per activity
Evacuation Center Management
Teams (ECMT)
Composition of ECM T:
1. Evacuation Center Manager
(one per evacuation center)
2. Assistant Manager (one per
every 200 families)
3. Administrative/Records Officer
(one per 200 families)
4. Property Custodian for schools
occupied as EC or Owner for
nonschool ECS
 Function of the ECMT
. Functions of the ECMT:
1. Organize the evacuees, identifying their leader to ensure harmonious coordination
and collaboration between Camp management and evacuees
2. Ensure that the required assistance, services and protection of the evacuees are
provided on a timely manner and are based on the standards
3. Coordinate and monitor delivery of services and conduct of activities of different
agencies and organizations
4. Establish participative and transparent governance and management system,
including the crafting of essential house rule
5. Ensure the inclusion of the evacuees, especially women and persons with disability and
persons with special needs, in the management activities and decision-making processes
6. Register the evacuees and roll-out the information management system provided for in
this Guidelines
7. In coordination with the CCCM Committee, mediate and encourage dialogue among
evacuees and the host community towards peaceful coexistence
8. Coordinate with law enforcement agencies and Barangay Tanods in the maintenance
of peace and order inside the Centers, safety, preservation and security of school
properties and facilities during the period of occupation by evacuees.
9. Coordinate with the building/property owner of the evacuation center and ensure their
inclusion in the decisions-making process concerning use, care and maintenance of
facilities

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 How to respond to a disaster
If there is one area of disaster recovery planning you’re sure to spend a lot of time on, it’s the response component. How you
respond in the aftermath of a crisis will have long-term implications for your organization.

1. Analyse the Incident

Your very first responsibility after a disaster is to gather as many facts about the
incident as possible. Keep in mind, however, that the type of crisis will dictate how to
proceed with your investigative efforts. For example, if you’re responding to a natural
disaster, you can check in with sites like Relief Web, which actively monitors ongoing
disasters around the world, for updates.

2. Gather Evidence
Failing to preserve evidence is a surefire way
to sabotage your own response plan. The
slightest alteration can stall your recovery
efforts and leave you just as vulnerable when
you finally are back up and running.
Evidence, both physical and digital, is
essential to your ability to conduct a thorough
investigation and follow up accordingly.
How to respond to a disaster
3. Go into Crisis Management Mode
Crisis management is the meat and potatoes of
your response plan. This is where you put the
plan in motion and start working towards a
resolution. Keep in mind that the disaster in
question will ultimately determine the best
course of action. If your data center is
vandalized, personnel may be instructed to
sequester all affected areas to preserve the scene
as authorities investigate.
4. Communicate Efficiently
How well you communicate uring a crisis will
figure into how fast you can resume business
operations. Members of your DR response team,
management, partners, and all other affected
parties should be immediately identified and
given all the necessary details on the incident.
Informing customers that their personal data
may have been compromised isn’t something you
look forward to, but it must be done.
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 5. Evaluate the process

An exhaustive evaluation of the process is necessary to improve

your response plan over time. After all, you never know when
you’ll need to execute it again. The evaluation should aim to
answer a number of important questions, such as:

Were you able to minimize your risk to similar disaster

scenarios?
Did your response align with your recovery objectives?
How did your staff perform during the crisis?
Did staff receive adequate support and resources from
management?
What specific aspects of your response plan can be improved in
the future?

Answering these questions and others will enable your team,

policies, and processes to make a greater impact during an
emergency.

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 What is Risk Mapping in disaster
management?
◂ Risk mapping is the process of establishing the spatial and temporal
extent of risk (combining information on probability and
consequences). • Risk mapping requires combining maps of hazards,
exposure, and vulnerability functions.

The Importance of Risk Mapping

Building a risk map brings valuable benefits. You will
have a thorough understanding of your risk
environment and how individual risks compare to one
another. You can use this to strategically prioritize your
risks and determine where to use your limited
resources.
A risk map is built by plotting the frequency of a risk on
the y-axis of the chart and the severity on the x-axis.
Frequency is how likely the risk is or how often you
think it will occur; severity is how much of an impact it
would have if it did occur.

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Understand the risk environment
Risk management begins with building a list of all
risks your organization faces. Depending on your
industry, this number could range from a handful
to hundreds.
Risk mapping is beneficial because it requires you
to assess each risk and its causes and
consequences individually. It also allows you to
look at your risk environment as a whole and
understand how frequencies and severities
compare.
Plan Before You Respond
Like your disaster recovery plan as a whole, a response
plan must be mapped out well in advance. Your
communication program should be structured so the
response team knows the most effective way to
communicate and whom to contact. There should be
protocol in place that outlines evidence collection
procedures and responsibilities. Above all, your team
needs a clear understanding of how they are expected to
respond in any possible crisis situation.
Earthquake Response Plan
1. During an earthquake, remain calm and quickly
follow the steps outlined below.
2. If indoors, seek refuge in a doorway or under a
desk or table. Stay away from glass
windows,
shelves and heavy equipment.
IF INDOORS DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
EXIT THE BUILDING ONLY AFTER THE
SHAKING HAS STOPPED.
3. If outdoors, move quickly away from
buildings, utility poles, and other structures.
Caution: Always avoid power or utility lines
as they may be energized.
4. If in an automobile, stop in the safest place available, preferably an
open area away from power lines and trees.
5. After the initial shock, evaluate the situation and, if emergency
assistance is necessary, protect yourself at all times and be prepared
for after-shocks.
6. Damaged facilities should be reported.
7. ASSIST THE DISABLED IN EVACUATING THE BUILDING.
Remember that elevators are reserved for disabled persons' use only.
DO NOT USE ELEVATORS IN CASE OF FIRE OR
EARTHQUAKE.
8. Once outside, move to a clear area away from the affected building(s).
Keep streets and walkways clear for emergency vehicles and
personnel.
9. DO NOT RETURN TO AN EVACUATED BUILDING.
10. STAY CALM.
 Fire

1. Remove people from immediate danger

2. Hit the fire alarm
3. Alert others in the area and call Security
4. Contain the emergency, e.g., by closing (but not locking) the door
5. Evacuate or extinguish the fire if trained and it is safe to do so.
6. On hearing the fire alarm, evacuate, taking your valuables, if safe
to do so.
7. If possible, secure the area and important materials.
9. If the door is not hot, open it slowly. If an area is smoky, stay low
to the ground. Crawl if necessary. Use a wet cloth to cover your
nose and mouth.

Explosion
1. If inside the building/room, seek cover to protect yourself.
3. Stay away from breakable/ movable/ electrical stuff.
4. If smoke or fire is present outside the room, plug door gaps with
(wet) cloth.
5. While exiting, pull the fire alarm, note other hazards/personnel.
6. Evacuate as soon as possible.
7. Report the incident. If trapped in debris
8. Stay calm.
9. Place a marker or use your whistle or tap on a pipe for rescue
teams.
10. Avoid unnecessary movement.
Typhoons and floods
1. Prepare emergency supplies.
2. Be informed of the latest weather advisories (storm signal,
rainfall and flood, storm surge).
3. Evacuate immediately, when advised. Turn off utilities and
unplug appliances before leaving.
4. Take shelter to avoid injury due to flying debris, strong
winds, and strong currents rising
flood water, exposed electrical wiring.
5. Avoid walking in floodwater. If you have to, disinfect
yourself ASAP. If you have an open
wound, seek medical attention immediately