Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Communications
Tenth Edition
by William Stallings
Source:
Multimedia Server
Internet
Time delay
buffer
Destination
Figure 25.1 Real-Time Traffic Multimedia PC
T T T
t t t
(a) Continuous data source (b) Voice source (c) Compressed video source
with silent intervals
Soft Hard
Can tolerate the loss of some
portion of the communicated Have zero loss tolerance
data
Packetization
(RTP)
IP transmission
(UDP/IP)
Internet
IP reception
(UDP/IP)
Depacketization
(RTP)
Data
decompression
Bob’s voice
terminal
Digital-analog (telephone or
conversion computer)
Cell
tower
Traditional
PBX
Public switched
telephone network
Internet
VoIP
PBX VoIP-enabled
computer
DNS
Internet
Proxy
Server
SIP (SDP)
Proxy
Server
SIP
(SDP)
LAN Wireless SIP
Network (SDP)
Media (RTP)
SIP URI
A user of an online service
Identifier
SIP URI’s have a format
based on e-mail A mailbox on a messaging system
address formats
If secure transmission is
required “sips” is used A telephone number at a gateway service
A group in an organization
Session Description Protocol
(SDP)
Describes the content of sessions, including
telephony, Internet radio, and multimedia applications
Includes information about:
Media streams
Addresses
Ports
Payload types
Originator
Real-Time Transport Protocol
(RTP)
Defined in RFC 3550
Best suited to soft real-time communication
Lacks the necessary mechanisms to support hard
real-time traffic
Two protocols that make up RTP are:
RTCP
RTP
Data transfer
Control protocol
protocol
H.261
MPEG
JPEG
RTP
UDP
IP
Network Access
Quality of
Service
Identificatio
(QoS) and
n
congestion
control
Session
size Session
estimation control
and scaling
Table 25.2
SDES Types (RFC 3550)
Value Name Description
0 END End of SDES list
1 CNAME Canonical name: unique among all participants within one RTP
session
2 NAME Real user name of the source
3 EMAIL E-mail address
4 PHONE Telephone number
5 LOC Geographic location
6 TOOL Name of application generating the stream
7 NOTE Transient message describing the current state of the source
8 PRIV Private experimental or application-specific extensions
Summary
SIP
Real-time traffic SIP components and
Real-time traffic protocols
characteristics SIP uniform resource
Requirements for Real- identifier
time communication Examples of operation
Hard versus soft real-time SIP messages
applications Session description protocol
VoIP RTP
RTP protocol architecture
VoIP signaling
RTP data transfer protocol
VoIP processing RTCP
VoIP context