ENGLISH 1

2020/2021
Prepositional Phrases
Impersonal Report
Argumentative Essay
Pre-reading
■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BgBqe1d_-A
■ What’s the video about?
■ What is “SPRAWL”?
■ Below is a KWL grid to help you read the text well. Fill in the
first two columns (column K and W), then fill in the last column
(column L) later at the end of the lesson.
What do you Know about What you Want to know What do you Learn from
the topic of the text? about the topic in the the text?
text?
 Vocabulary Preview - Matching
1. To rehouse someone
means to…
2. Non-governmental
organizations (NGOs)
3. Tenancy rights are…
4. Urbanization describes…
5. A settlement is a place
where…
6. Infrastructure describe…
7. Sustainable resources
are…
8. A migrant is a person
who…
a. The process where a city grows because people move
there.
b. Travels to another place or country in order to find work.
c. Move someone to a different home.
d. The legal rights you have to use a piece of land or house.
e. The system within a place or area, e.g., roads, electricity
network.
f. people come to live permanently.
g. Are groups that work with government in the field of
development.
h. Available for a long time and do not damage the
environment.
Silent
Reading

Let’s read the text

entitled:
“SPRAWL” and do
exercise 4
P. 49
 LANGUAGE TOOLS
Prepositional Phrases and Impersonal Report Structures
Prepositional Phrases
■ Begin with a preposition and end with either a noun, a pronoun, gerund, or
noun clause.
Prep + noun Down the side of a mountain
Prep + pronoun With them
Prep + gerund By rehousing residents
Prep + noun clause With what they have

■ Can act as adjectives (describe a noun or pronoun).

■ Can act as an adverb and modify a verb or adjective.
■ Many are set phrases. (See p. 52) Taken from: Boyle and Warwick (2016:52-
53)
Do exercise 1, 2, 3 and 4 p. 52-53.
 Impersonal Report Structures
■ To describe general beliefs or to present widely accepted information that
does not have a specific source.
■ They are used when the person who did the action is unknown or
unimportant.
■ The three common structures: Practice:
■ It + passive + that + clauses
Do exercise
(It is believed that migration to cities is on the increase.)
■ Subject + passive + to + infinitive
1
(Migration to cities is believed to be on the increase.) P. 53
■ There + passive + to + infinitive Taken form: Boyle and
Warwick,2016: 52-53
(there is believed to be an increase in migration to cities)
 WRITING
CLINIC
Argumentative Essay pp. 54
Argumentative Essay – Hedging Language

- Hedging, or 'being cautious', is an important component

of academic writing style
- Hedging is a way of softening the language
- Making the claims or conclusions less absolute
- When we hedge, we can use introductory verbs, modal
verbs, adverbs, adjectives, nouns, and some other ways
such as adverbs of frequency and introductory phrases
-
Hedging Language
■ Introductory verbs: tend to ➞ tendency (n), assume ➞ assumption (n). indicate ➞ indication (n)
■ Modal verbs: may, might, can, could
■ Adverbs: probably ➞ probable (adj), probability (n), possibly ➞ possible (adj), possibility (n),
seemingly ➞ seem to (v)
■ Adjectives: probable ➞ probably (adv), probability (n), possible ➞ possibly (adv), possibility (n)
■ Nouns: assumption ➞ assume (v), tendency ➞ tend to (v), indication ➞ indicate (v), estimate ➞
estimate (v)
■ Other phrases: approximately, roughly, reasonably, somehow, somewhat
WRITING TASK

■ You are going to brainstorm, plan and write

an argumentative essay entitled “Slum
Tourism: Positive or Detrimental?” by
using impersonal report structures,
prepositional phrases and hedging words
where possible pp. 55
Next Meeting - Quiz

■ Prepare for QUIZ 1

■ Review Unit 1-6.
References

■ Boyle, M. & Warwick, L. (2016). Skillfull Reading and Writing Student’s book pack 4.
Thailand: Macmillan Publishers Limited