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ͻ A Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) is
  a type of equipment carried by aircraft ?


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they are at a dangerously low altitude


and in danger of crashing.
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ͻ The main purpose of these systems is to
  prevent what is called a xontrolled light
nto
errain (CFIT)



ͻ CFIT is an accident in which an aircraft crashes

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into the ground, the water, or an obstacle such
as a mountain or building .
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ͻ CFIT can be the result of factors such as navigation
  errors, pilot fatigue, or reduced visibility owing to
weather conditions.


ͻ CFIT incidents have been reduced since GPWS entered
m widespread use in the 1970s.
ͻ The use of a GPWS in large aircraft is required by law in
many countries.
ͻ In the late 1990s improvements were made and the
system was renamed "Enhanced Ground Proximity
Warning System͞ (EGPWS)
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ͻ RA measures how far
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aircraft from the ground.
  ͻ GPWS computer
analyzed the information


from radar.
m ͻ Computer can identify


 hazardous situations
(very close to
ground/terrain, rapid
ROD & loss of altitude)
ͻ GPWS display gives
$
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signals to the pilot.
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 ͻ A ÷

monitors the aircraft's altitude with a 
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which transmits radio waves downward from the plane to
  determine how far away the ground is.
ͻ Most radar altimeters carried by commercial aircraft are short-


range devices with ranges of less than a mile (about 1.6 km).
m ͻ The information from the radar is monitored and analyzed by a
computer that can identify hazardous situations and trends in the
data, such as
ʹ a dangerously rapid rate of descent,
ʹ dangerously close ground during, or
ʹ unexpected loss of altitude.
ͻ If hazardous conditions are detected, the GPWS gives visual and
audio warning signals to the pilot.
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What is the different between radar altimeter and
  barometric altimeter?


ͻ A Radar Altimeter (RA) measures the distance
between the plane and the ground directly
m
below it.
ͻ Barometric altimeter provides the distance
above sea level.
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ͻ Audio & Visual Warnings are provided
under any of the following conditions:
 

ʹ Excessive rate of descend (͞sink



rate͟)
m ʹ when closure rate with terrain is too
high (͞terrain-terrain͟)
ʹ loss of altitude after take-off (don͛t
sink)
ʹ if the aircraft is too low and slow,
with landing gear retracted (͞too
low, gear͟)
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ͻ Warns of  
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ͻ A GPWS warning light will illuminate and  



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ͻ If the situation is not corrected  

 



 will be heard.
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ͻ Warns crew 
 
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ͻ Designed to warn crew when rising terrain is a


threat.
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ͻ ͞terrain, terrain͟
ͻ ͞whoop, whoop, pull up, pull up͟
ͻ There may be no change in barometric altitude
but the radar altitude is decreasing.
ͻ Recovery: Continue climb until clear of terrain.
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ͻ Warns of 


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ͻ If the aircraft sinks 10 percent of its radar


altitude ͞don͛t sink͟ will be heard.
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ͻ Terrain clearance while aircraft take-off, climb, cruise,
and descent.
 

ʹ If the airspeed is higher the warning will be ͞too low, terrain͟



ͻ Alert the configuration of landing gear during approach.
m ʹ if ?

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ʹ ͞too low, gear͟
ͻ Alert the configuration of flaps during landing
ʹ When the gear is selected down, but the flaps are still
retracted (not open)
ʹ ͞too low, flaps͟
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ͻ Mode 5: Descent below Glide Slope
 
ͻ Mode 6: Situation Awareness (Bank Angle,

 Altitude)
m
ͻ Mode 7: Wind shear Information