• Responsible parenting

• Hormonal
• Barrier
• Permanent sterilization
• Methods based on information
• Abstinence
• Oral Contraceptives
• Skin Patch
• Vaginal Ring
• Injections (Depo-Provera)
• Implants
• IUD
 ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

• Pills can be taken to prevent pregnancy

• Pills are safe and effective when taken
properly
• Pills are over 99% effective
 Oral Contraceptives
• Combined Oral Contraceptives
Oral Contraceptives

• Progestin Only Pill/Mini Pill

Oral Contraceptives
Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills
Prevents pregnancy
Eases menstrual Decreases acne
cramps
Shortens period
Regulates period
Oral Contraceptives
Side-effects
• Breast tenderness • Moodiness
• Nausea • Weight change
• Increase in • Spotting
headaches
SKIN PATCH

• Small adhesive patch that is worn on the skin that

releases synthetic estrogen and progestin hormones
to prevent pregnancy
 SKIN
PATCH
VAGINAL RING
• Inserted on or before the 5th day of menses
• Flexible plastic ring that is placed in the
vagina
• Worn inside for 21 days and then removed
for 7 days then a new ring is inserted
• 98% effective
 Vaginal Ring
Advantages
• Usually not noticeable during intercourse. 
Disadvantages/Side-effects
• Does not protect against STI’s or HIV 
• The common side effects reported by users
of the vaginal contraception ring are: vaginal
infections and irritation, vaginal discharge
(leukorrhea), headache, weight gain, nausea. 
DEPO-PROVERA

• Birth control shot given once every three

months to prevent pregnancy
• 99.7% effective in preventing pregnancy
• No daily pills to remember
Depo-Provera
• Extremely irregular menstrual bleeding and spotting for
3-6 months or no menstrual period
• Weight change
• Breast tenderness
• Mood change
• Loss of bone mineral

*NOT EVERY WOMAN HAS SIDE-EFFECTS

SIDE EFFECTS
 IMPLANTS
• Implants are placed in the body filled with
hormone that prevents pregnancy
• It releases synthetic progesterone
• Physically inserted in simple 15 minute
outpatient procedure
• 99.95% effectiveness rate
• Duration is usually 3 years
Implant
• Should be considered long term birth control
• Can be less effective if used with some other drugs
• Effectivity is first five days after insertion

Implant Considerations
INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD)
• small contraceptive device, often 'T'-
shaped, containing either copper or
levonorgestrel, which is inserted into the
uterus. They are one form of long-acting
reversible contraception which is the most
effective type of reversible birth control.
• Must check string before sex and after
shedding of uterine lining
• Prevents pregnancy by blocking the
egg and sperm from meeting
• Barrier methods have higher failure
rates than hormonal methods due to
design and human error
• Spermicides
• Male Condom
• Female Condom
• Diaphragm
• Cervical Cap

BARRIER METHODS
SPERMICIDES
• Chemicals kill sperm in the vagina
• Different forms:
-Jelly -Film
-Foam -Suppository
• Some work instantly, others require pre-
insertion
• Only 76% effective (used alone), should be
used in combination with another method
i.e., condoms
MALE CONDOM
• Most common and effective barrier
method when used properly
• Latex and Polyurethane should only be
used in the prevention of pregnancy and
spread of STI’s (including HIV)
• Perfect effectiveness rate = 97%
• Typical effectiveness rate = 88%

MALE CONDOM
FEMALE CONDOM

• Made as an alternative to male condoms

• Polyurethane
• Physically inserted in the vagina
• Perfect rate = 95%
• Typical rate = 79%
• Woman can use female condom if
partner refuses
DIAPRAGHM
• Round rubber dome that fits inside the
vagina and covers the cervix
• Perfect Effectiveness Rate = 94%
• Typical Effectiveness Rate = 80%
• Fitted by physician
• Spermicidal jelly before insertion
• Inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse
and can be left in for a total of 24 hours
 CERVICAL CAP
• Latex barrier inserted in vagina before intercourse
• “Caps” around cervix with suction
• Fill with spermicidal jelly prior to use
• Can be left in body for up to a total of 48 hours
• Must be left in place six hours after sexual
intercourse
• Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%
• Typical effectiveness rate = 80%
Barrier Method
Advantages
• Do not affect a woman's or man's future fertility.
• Are safe for a woman to use while she is breast-feeding.
• Do not affect other health conditions
• Are less expensive than hormonal methods of birth control,
and some are available without a prescription
• Condoms also are the best method for reducing the risk of
sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
 Barrier Method
Disadvantages
• Failure rates for barrier methods are higher than for most other
methods of birth control.
For some couples, barrier methods are not a good choice because one
or both partners:
• Find it embarrassing to use.
• Do not want a barrier method to interrupt foreplay or intercourse.
• Some people develop allergies to spermicides and latex
• Procedure performed on a man or a
woman for sterilization
• Female = Tubal Ligation
• Male = Vasectomy
TUBAL LIGATION
• Surgical procedure performed on a
woman
• Failure rates vary by procedure,
from 0.8%-3.7%
VASECTOMY
• Male sterilization procedure
• Faster and easier recovery than a tubal
ligation
• Failure rate = 0.1%, more effective than
female sterilization
• Follow-up sperm count 2 months after the
vasectomy until sperm count is zero
Permanent Sterilization
Advantages
• Private and cost effective method of contraception. 
• No long term side effects. 
• No interference with intercourse. 
• Highly effective. 
Disadvantages/Side Effects
• Permanent method of contraception with the potential for regret
following the procedure. 
• Complications may arise from surgery particularly following a
tubal ligation as this procedure usually involves a general
anaesthetic and is more invasive than a vasectomy. 
• Withdrawal
• Natural Family Planning
• Fertility Awareness Method
• Abstinence

METHODS BASED ON
INFORMATION
WITHDRAWAL
• Removal of penis from the vagina before
ejaculation occurs
• NOT a sufficient method of birth control by itself
• Effectiveness rate is 80% (very unpredictable in
teens)
• 1 of 5 women practicing withdrawal become
pregnant
• Very difficult for a male to ‘control’
• Fertility Awareness Method
(FAM) refers to a natural birth control
method outside of a religious framework
that supports the use of barrier methods .
• Natural Family Planning
(NFP) typically refers to natural birth
control that is taught and practiced within
a religious framework. It does not
support the use of barrier methods
Natural Family Planning &
Fertility Awareness Method
• Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%
• Typical effectiveness rate = 75%
• No 100% safe day-irregular periods
Natural Family Planning &
Fertility Awareness Method
• Basal Body Temperature or BBT
• Cervical Mucus Methods (CMM)
• Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
• Rhythm (Calendar) Method
Cervical Mucus Method
Calendar Method
• The calendar rhythm method to avoid pregnancy relies upon
calculating a woman's fertile period on the calendar. Based
upon her 12 previous menstrual cycles, a woman subtracts l8
days from her shortest menstrual cycle to determine her first
fertile day, and 11 days from her longest menstrual cycle to
determine her last fertile day.
• The calendar method is only about 80% effective in
preventing pregnancy and when used alone, it is considered
outdated and ineffective.
• Shortest menstrual cycle: 26 -18 = 8
• Longest menstrual cycle: 30 -11 = 19
 SUN MON TUES WED THURS FRI SAT
1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Lactation Amenorrhea Method
• This method is highly effective for the first six
months after childbirth, provided the woman
breastfeeds the baby at least every four hours
during the day and every six hours through the
night, and that her menstrual period has not yet
returned. After six months fertility may return
at any time.
Abstinence
• Abstinence is when partners do not engage in
sexual intercourse
• The only method of birth control that is
100% effective
Reasons for abstaining
• Moral or religious values
• Personal beliefs
• Medical reasons
• Not feeling ready for an emotional,
intimate relationship
• Future plans
 Abstinence
Advantages
• Freedom from the threat of STI and HIV
infection, if no exchange of body fluids occurs
• No physical side effects
• No need to visit a health care provider
• No cost
Disadvantages
• There are no disadvantages of abstinence