m

 
m


   
 
 
ë

ë
2 Philosophy of exchanges between cultural
groups within a society. It requires an inherent
openness to be exposed to the culture of the
other.
2 A policy or model that advocates harmonious
relations between cultures based on intensive
exchanges centred on an integration process
that doesn·t seek to eliminate
differences,promotes individual rights for
everyone, with no discrimination.
2 The exchange between cultural groups within
a society, that are similar in their culture,
religion or society.

 

ë

2 uxtending through all human cultures ,

Transition from one culture to another.

2M

  is a term coined by Cuban

anthropologist Fernando Ortiz in 1940 to
describe the phenomenon of merging and
converging cultures. Transition from one
culture to another.
2 Transculturation reflects the natural tendency
of people (in general) to resolve conflicts over
time, rather than exacerbating them.through
all human cultures , Transition from one culture
to another.

 

ë

2 In one general sense, transculturation

covers war, ethnic conflict, racism,
multiculturalism, cross-culturalism,
interracial marriage, and any other of a
number of contexts that deal with more
than one culture. In the other general
sense, transculturation is one aspect of
global phenomena and human events.
2 Refers to the idea that cultures are shaped
by continual interaction by overlapping
political relationships ad transformed
thorugh specific and individual actions.
 


ë
2 Is the propensity to judge other by the standards
or one·s own culture
2 Is when one believes his/ her culture or ethnic
groups is superior to others, this can lead to
misjudgement of other and discrimination.
2 uthnocentrism is the view that one particular
ethnic group is somehow superior to all others.
The word Ê
Ê  derives from the Greek
word Ê
 meaning ´nationµ or ´people,µ
and the unglish word Ê Ê
A common idiom
for ethnocentrism is ´tunnel vision.µ In this
context, ethnocentrism is the view that a
particular ethnic group·s system of beliefs and
values is morally superior to all others.



ë
2 uthnocentrism is a general belief that the
ethnic group with which an individual is
identified is superior to all other ethnic groups.

2 uthnic groups consist of individuals who are

bound together, often closely, by a shared
cultural structure and sense of Ê
Ê .
The central and defining feature of an ethnic
group may be racial, religious, geopolitical,
linguistic, traditional, tribal, or some
combination of these or other characteristics
 
ë

ë
sociocentrismois very similar to the
2 ul
ethnocentrism and their characteristics
may be the one·s who make dificult to
understand each

2 uthnocentrism is based between the

w
M 
w(the fact of
understand the different cultures)
2 Úociocentrism happens ÀÊÊÊ 
Ê


 Ê Ê
 

 
ë

ë
2 ul sociocentrismo is recognized for an
attitude of superiority in front of the
othe societys and cultures, beside it
allos to the members of a society to
judge the cultural differences
according to their own norms ,
interests, etc.
2 For that, the representations of the
other are judged as false.

 ë
ë

2 Any act by which one person gives to or

receives from another person
information about that person's needs,
desires, perceptions, knowledge, or
affective states. Communication may
be intentional or unintentional, may
involve conventional or unconventional
signals, may take linguistic or
nonlinguistic forms, and may occur
through spoken or other modes
  
2 may refer either to the specifically human
capacity for acquiring and using complex
systems of communication, or to a specific
instance of such a system of complex
communication. The scientific study of
language in any of its senses is called linguistics.
2 The approximately more than 6000 languages
that are spoken by humans today are the most
salient examples, but natural languages can
also be based on visual rather than auditive
stimuli, for example in sign languages and
written language.
 ë  
2 Isa language which, instead of
acoustically conveyed sound patterns,
uses visually transmitted sign patterns
(manual communication, body
language) to convey meaning³
simultaneously combining hand
shapes, orientation and movement of
the hands, arms or body, and facial
expressions to fluidly express a
speaker's thoughts.
 `ë

  
2 isthe representation of a language by
means of a writing system. Written
language is an invention in that it must
be taught to children, who will
instinctively learn or create spoken or
gestural languages
2 A written language exists only as a
complement to a specific spoken or
gestural language.
 


 ë

2 uquality of opportunity is both a matter of social
justice and sound economic sense. Voluntary
approaches to minimize discrimination have been
largely ineffective and most developed countries
have introduced some form of anti-discrimination
legislation. There has been a tendency towards all-
embracing laws in recent years, increasingly linked
to human rights legislation. Granting opportunity is
beneficial to organizational effectiveness as well as
personal success. The strategic management of
diversity leads to a wider range of ideas and
abilities, offering greater scope for innovation and
competitive performance in the future.
 


 ë

2 Formal equality of opportunity requires
that positions and posts that confer
superior advantages should be open to
all applicants. Applications are assessed
on their merits, and the applicant
deemed most qualified according to
appropriate criteria is offered the position.
Alternatively, applicants are winnowed
by fair competition, and the winner or
winners get the superior advantages.
£ëë ë 
ë

2  
  is a term used often in

human rights law to distinguish the
differential treatment of an individual
because of a prohibited ground.
£ëë ë 
ë

2 £iscrimination may be described as a

distinction, whether intentional or not but
based on grounds relating to personal
characteristics of the individual or group,
which has the effect of imposing burdens,
obligations, or disadvantages on such
individual or group not imposed upon others,
or which withholds or limits access to
opportunities, benefits, and advantages
available to other members of society.