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Chemistry is the science concerned with the

composition, structure, and properties of matter,
as well as the changes it undergoes during
chemical reactions.
Chemistry is the study of interactions of chemical
substances with one another and energy.
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Chemistry is the scientific study of interaction of
chemical substances[3] that are constituted of
atoms or the subatomic particles: protons,
electrons and neutrons.
Chemistry is often called "the central science"
because it connects the other natural sciences
such as astronomy, physics, material science,
biology and geology.
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6n science, chemistry plays an important
role. Chemistry is dealing with structures,
properties and preparation of some substances
and their classifications, reactions with examples.
Classification of chemistry is
m Organic chemistry

m 6norganic chemistry
m Physical chemistry
m Analytical chemistry
m Nuclear chemistry
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m Organic chemistry is one of the most important in
chemistry. Organic Chemistry deals the reactions,
equation and diagrams of each compound, which
are 1000 times more than nonorganic ones. 6t also
deals an immense variety of molecules including
those of industrial compounds such as plastics,
rubber, dyes, drugs and solvents.
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m 6norganic Chemistry is one of the practical areas
of science. 6t deals with the preparation,
properties and reactions of all chemical elements
and their compounds. 6t can be proved in the
experiment method. 6norganic chemistry
concerned with inorganic compounds. Most of the
inorganic compounds are salts, combined with
cation and anion, and joined by ionic bond.
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m Physical Chemistry is one of the subfield in
chemistry. 6t also deals with the physical
properties of substances, such as their boiling and
melting points. Studying about the atomic and
subatomic particles, chemical system concerned
with physical concept such as thermodynamics
and statistical mechanics.
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m Analytical chemistry is one of the chemical
processes and used to separate materials with the
help of color, odour and melting point and boiling
point. Weight and volume are separated by using
the method of quantitative analysis. 6t is used for
medical analysis and environment analysis.
 

m io-chemistry is one of the classifications of
chemistry. 6t defined as the chemical process in
the living organism, it processes the chemical
reaction with the organism in the living things, and
some of the organism is listed as lipids, protein,
carbohydrates and nuclides. 6t is also included in
the field of the DNA, RNA. 6t will be presented in
the area of the genetic code.
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m Nuclear chemistry is also one of the classification
of chemistry. 6t mainly used for radiation such as
x-ray, radiotherapy, radioactive elements (radon)
and so on. 6t is mainly used in medical field
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m iochemistry is the study of the chemistry of, and
relating to, biological organisms. 6t forms a bridge
between biology and chemistry by studying how
complex chemical reactions and chemical
structures give rise to life and life's processes.
iochemistry is sometimes viewed as a hybrid
branch of organic chemistry which specializes in
the chemical processes and chemical
transformations that take place inside of living
organisms.
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0here are four major classes of biochemical
compounds - Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and
nucleic acids. 6n carbohydrates, sugar units are
connected together by µglycosidic bonds¶. Lipids
are insoluble in water but soluble in organic
solvents. All proteins are composed of amino
acids which are connected by a peptide bond.
0here are 20 amino acids. Nucleic acids are
composed of nucleotides
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As the lesson title implies, carbohydrates
provide fuel, or energy, for the human body.
0hese organic (carbon-containing)
compounds are an integral part of both plant
and animal life, and, as stated above, life as
we know it could not exist without them.
m Carbohydrates are made up of three
elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen²
carbohydrates. As you will learn in a later
lesson, fats are also comprised of carbon"
hydrogen and oxygen, but they have less
oxygen and more carbon and hydrogen than
carbohydrates.
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0here are 3 major groups-
Ñ Monosaccharides- are the simplest group of
carbohydrates and are often reffered to as simple
sugar.
Ñ Disaccharides-contain 2 monosaccharide
molecules which are liberated on hydrolysis.
Ñ polysaccharides-are polymers of monosaccharide
units with high molecular weight.
x Monosaccharides are again classified as ±
Glucose, fructose and galactose.
x Disaccharides are classified as ±
sucrose, maltose(malt sugar) and lactose (milk
sugar).
x Polysaccharides are classified as ±
starch, dextrin, glycogen and cellulose.
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Lipids are organic substances relatively insoluble
in wates but soluble in organic solvents like
alcohol, ether etc.
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Ñ Simple lipids
Ñ Complex lipids
Ñ Derived lipids
Ñ Miscellaneous lipids
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Proteins are the most abundant organic
molecules of living system. Proteins forms the
fundamental basis of structure and function of life.
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Proteins are classified in several ways depending
on their function, chemical nature, solubility
properties and nutritional importance. Mainly there
are 3 types-
Ñ Simple
Ñ Conjugated and
Ñ Derived proteins .
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0hese are the chemical basis of life and heredity.
0here are 2 types ± deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) and ribonucleic acid(RNA).
‡ -  
[ DNA is the chemical basis of heredity and may be
regarded as reserve bank of genetic information.
[ DNA is exclusuvely responsible for maintaining
the identity of diffferent species of organisms over
millions of years.
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