Information Technology Its Applications

SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
SAK3002
Information Technology
&
Its Applications
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

CORE objectives of this course:
 Student can understand about computer

designs and its processes.
 Student know how to use current

applications.

1
Chapter
INTRODUCTION

Objectives of this chapter:

You can…
Define the term, computer and its
advantages.
Identify the components of a computer.
Know its history
Identify the element of information

system
Discuss computer application in society

Overview
 This chapter covers

 Computer definition and operations.
 Computer generations.
 The components of a computer.
 Categories of computers
 Computer impact on society.

1.1 Definition and Operations

What Is a Computer and What Does It

Do?
Computer: A programmable, electronic device that accepts
data, performs operations, presents the results, and can
store the data or results
Processes data into

Accepts data
information
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
Produces and stores results

Computer operations:
 Input—entering data into the computer
 Processing—performing operations on the data
 Output—presenting the results
 Storage—saving data, programs, or output for

future use

Computer operations (cont’d)

Advantages of Using Computers
Speed Reliability Consistency
Storage Communications

Disadvantages of Using Computers
Violation of Impact on
Privacy Labor Force
Impact on
Health Risks
Environment

1.2 Computer History

Computer History
 The computer that we use now is a fairly recent
invention
 The history of computers is often referred to in

terms of generations, from pre-computers and early
computers (before 1945) to fifth generation
computers (now and the future)
 Each new generation is characterized by a major

technological development

Computer History (cont’d)

 The first calculating device, which was used 2000
years ago was called abacus
 In 1833, Prof. Charles Babbage, the father of
computer, developed a machine called analytical
engine which was the base for the modern digital
computer
 Other early computing devices include the slide
rule, the mechanical calculator, and Dr. Herman
Hollerith’s Punch Card Tabulating Machine and
Sorter


 First - Generation Computers
(approximately 1946 - 1957)
 The electronic digital computers, which were
introduced in 1950's, were using vacuum tubes
 ENIAC
 Was developed during World War II
 UNIVAC
 Released in 1951


 Second - Generation Computers
 used transistors
A small device made of semiconductor material
 Programming languages (FORTRAN and
COBOL) were developed and implemented
 Computers used by military, government and
big business


 Third - Generation Computers
 Introduction of integrated circuits (ICs)
 Also know as chips
 Keyboards and monitors were introduced for
input and output
 Magnetic disks were typically used for storage
 Cheap, fast and reliable
 Used by small business


 Fourth - Generation Computers (approximately
1971 - present)
 The invention of the microprocessor in 1971
 Contains the core processing capabilities of an entire
computer on one single chip
 Example: IBM PC and Apple Macintosh
 Input - keyboard and mouse
 Output – monitor and printer
 Storage – magnetic disks and optical disks
 The development of computer network, wireless
technologies, and the internet


 Fifth - Generation Computers (now and the
future)
 Will be based on artificial intelligence
 Computers can learn, think and reasoning
 Voice recognition
 Become primary means of input
 Optical computers
 Process data using light instead of electrons


 Refer to your text book (Discovering

Computers 2009) on page 52 to 65 for the
timeline of computer generations and trends
from The ABC computer to Youtube
phenomena!

1.3 Main Components of a

Computer

Main components of a Computer
Hardware Software
 Hardware
 The physical parts of a computer
 Can be internal (located inside the system unit) or external (located
outside of the system unit)
 Software
 Programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do

Computer Hardware
 Input device:
 Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
Refer to your textbook for more

pictures and explanations for
better understanding.

Computer hardware (cont’d)

 Output device:
 Hardware that
conveys
information
to one or more
people

better understanding

Computer components (hardware)

 System unit
 Case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data

better understanding


 Two main components on the motherboard:
Processor
Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carries
out the basic instructions that operate the computer
Memory
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions


 What is storage?
 Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use
Storage
Storagemedia
media
Physical
Physicalmaterial
materialon
onwhich
whichdata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
informationare
arestored
stored
Storage
Storagedevice
device
Records
Recordsand
andretrieves
retrievesitems
itemstotoand
andfrom
from
storage
storagemedia
media


 Floppy disk and USB flash drive
Floppy
FloppyDisk
Disk
Thin, circular, flexible
USB
USBFlash
FlashDrive
Drive
Thin, circular, flexible Provides much
disk Provides much
diskenclosed
enclosedininaasquare-
square- greater
shaped greaterstorage
storage
shapedplastic
plasticshell
shell capacity
capacitythan
thanaa
floppy
floppydisk
diskor
or
Stores up to about 1.4
Stores up to about 1.4 Zip®
million Zip®disk
disk
millioncharacters
characters
Small and lightweight
Small and lightweight
enough
enoughtotobe
betransported
transported
on
onaakeychain
keychainororin
inaa
pocket
pocket


 Hard disk
 Provides greater
storage
capacity than a
floppy disk, Zip disk, or
USB flash drive
 Most are housed inside

of the system unit


 Compact disc
 Flat, round, portable metal disc
 CD-ROM
 DVD-ROM
p. 9 Fig. 1-5

 Communications device
Hardware
Hardwarecomponent
componentthatthat
enables
enablesaacomputer
computerto to
send
sendand
andreceive
receivedata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
information
Occurs
Occursover
overcables,
cables,telephone
telephone
lines,
lines,cellular
cellularradio
radionetworks,
networks,
satellites,
satellites,and
andother
other
transmission
transmissionmedia
media

Computer Software
 What is software?
Consists
Consistsofofaaseries
series
of
ofinstructions
instructionsthat
that Also
Alsocalled
calledaa
tells
tellsthe
thecomputer
computer program
program
what
whattotodo
do

Computer Software (cont’d)

 What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
 Allows you to
interact with the
software using
graphics and icons
 Controls how you
enter data and how
the screen displays
information

Computer software (cont’d)

 What is system software?
 Programs that control or maintain the operations of the
computer and its devices
Operating
OperatingSystem
System(OS)
(OS)
isisaaset
setof
ofprograms
programs
that
thatcoordinates
coordinatesallall
activities
activitiesamong
among
computer
computerhardware
hardware Utility
UtilityPrograms
Programsallow
allowthe
theuser
usertoto
devices
devicesandandallows
allows perform
performmaintenance-type
maintenance-typetasks
tasks
users
userstotorun
run usually
usuallyrelated
relatedtotomanaging
managingaa
application
applicationsoftware
software computer,
computer,its
itsdevices
devicesor
orits
itsprograms
programs
p. 15-16
Computer Software
 Application software
 Programs that perform specific tasks
for users
Word
Spreadsheet
Processing
Presentation
Database
Graphics

Computer Software JavaScript
 Programmer
 Someone who develops
application or system software
 Programmer writes
the instructions to
direct the computer to
process data into
information
Web application

1.4 Categories of Computers

Categories of Computers
What are the categories Personal Computers
of computers? (desktop)
Mobile Computers and
Mobile Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers

Categories of computers (cont’d)

 Personal Computers
 Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a
desk or table
 Apple Macintosh
 PC and compatibles uses the Macintosh
use the Windows operating system
operating system (Mac OS)

Categories of computer (cont’d)

 Mobile Computers
Notebook computer
 Portable, small enough to fit on
your lap
 Also called a laptop computer
 Generally more expensive than
a desktop computer


 Mobile Computers
Tablet PC
 Resembles a letter-sized slate
 Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen
useful for taking notes


 What are mobile devices?
Small
Small enough
enough toto
carry
carry in
in aa pocket
pocket


 Mobile Device
Handheld computer
Used
by mobile
Small employees such as
enough to fit meter readers and
in one delivery people
hand


 Mobile Device
Personal digital assistant (PDA)
 Provides personal organizer functions
 Calendar
 Appointment book
 Address book
 Calculator
 Notepad


 Mobile Device
Smart phones
A smart phone is
an Internet-enabled
telephone that usually
provides PDA capabilities


 Game consoles
Mobile computing device designed for
single-player or multiplayer video games


 Servers
A server controls access to network
resources and provides centralized
storage
Mainframe Very powerful,

expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most

powerful, most expensive computer.
Used for applications requiring
complex mathematical calculations

 Embedded computers
 A special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product

1.5 Computer Applications in

Society

Computer Applications in Society

Some examples of computer
applications in society:
 Education
 Finance
 Government
 Healthcare
 Science
 Publishing
 Travel
 Manufacturing

End of Chapter 1

Review
 Computer definition?
 Computer operations?
 Computer main components?
 Computer categories?
 Computer impacts on society?
For more details information and pictures, please refer to your text book.

Information Technology Its Applications

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SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

CORE objectives of this course:

 Student can understand about computer

 Student know how to use current

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Objectives of this chapter:

Identify the components of a computer.

Know its history

Identify the element of information

Discuss computer application in society

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

 This chapter covers

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

1.1 Definition and Operations

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

What Is a Computer and What Does It

Processes data into

Produces and stores results

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

 Input—entering data into the computer

 Processing—performing operations on the data

 Output—presenting the results

 Storage—saving data, programs, or output for

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer operations (cont’d)

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Advantages of Using Computers

Speed Reliability Consistency

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Disadvantages of Using Computers

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

1.2 Computer History

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

 The history of computers is often referred to in

 Each new generation is characterized by a major

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer History (cont’d)

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer History (cont’d)

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer History (cont’d)

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer History (cont’d)

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer History (cont’d)

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer History (cont’d)

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer History (cont’d)

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer History (cont’d)

 Refer to your text book (Discovering

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

1.3 Main Components of a

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Main components of a Computer

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Refer to your textbook for more

Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

Computer hardware (cont’d)

Refer to your textbook for more