THE GLOBAL ENERGY CRISIS

Jeremy Warner, 15TH MARCH,2011 THE

TELEGRAPH :
QUOTE : “..... The world economy faces a myriad of different
challenges right now, but there are three major ones which to a
greater or lesser degree are common to virtually all advanced
economies – excessive leverage (or debt), the demographic
timebomb of ageing populations, and energy security.
.
..... the turn of events at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant
adds a potentially much more troubling dimension to the
economics of the crisis with very significant implications for the
future of energy security, not just in Japan, but across all
advanced and even emerging market
economies. ....”.UNQUOTE.
http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/finance/jeremywarner/100009800/japanese
-tsunami-threatens-worldwide-energy-crisis/#dPostComment
 The World Energy Crisis 2011
 THE MAXI-PULSE 14TH MARCH,2011

 QUOTE: “.... The World’s Energy Crisis

 The world is gradually marching towards a severe energy crisis, what with an ever-increasing

demand of energy overstepping its supply. We have always known that the energy we use
everyday is not unlimited, yet we take it for granted. Oil, gas, power, even water has limited
availability. Yet, we have not taken enough precautions to deal with a possible energy crisis.
When I say ‘we’, I am not referring to the governments but to all of us, the common people.
 Oil and gas have already become too expensive, and with each passing day, they are moving

towards being extinct. Some ignorant people think that energy crisis is a myth. They fail to see the
big picture. There have been three major energy crises so far – the 1973 oil crisis, the 1979 energy
crisis, and the 1990 oil-price hike, apart from several regional crisis.
 http://maxi-pulsa.com/the-worlds-energy-crisis-2/ Prices have been rapidly increasing for the

last five years, thanks to the ever-increasing demand and the increasing shortage of energy
resources......”.UNQUOTE.
 http://maxi-pulsa.com/the-worlds-energy-crisis-2/
TYPES OF ENERGY SOURCES
 OIL
 GAS
 COAL
 HYDO ELECTRICITY
 SOLAR POWER
 WIND GENERATED ELECTRICITY
 NUCLEAR ENERGY
 SPACE SOLAR ENERGY
“....Global Demand for gas, oil and coal set
to increase....”
 Ben Farey and Brian Swint - Mar 11, 2011, QUOTE : BLOOMBERG
 “... Japan’s Post-Quake Energy Import Surge Will Boost Reliance....

 .... Japan’s strongest earthquake on record will boost global demand

for natural gas, coal and oil products as production lost from
damaged nuclear reactors and refineries is replaced.
 Tokyo Electric Power Corp. and other Japanese utilities may increase
output at gas, oil and coal-fired plants to replace production from the
11 reactors closed yesterday, Wood Mackenzie Consultants Ltd. said.
Companies will need to import fuel from Asian refineries because the
quake shut 20 percent of the country’s crude-processing
capacity....UNQUOTE.

 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-11/japan-s-post-quake-
energy-import-surge-seen-boosting-reliance-bg-shell.html
 Energy from Coal
 FOSSIL FUEL .CO.UK QUOTE : “...... Burning coal emits harmful waste such as carbon dioxide,
sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphuric acids, arsenic and ash. It also emits twice as much
carbon dioxide when compared with natural gas to produce the same level of heat, which
increased the levels of harmful greenhouse gases emitted into the earth’s atmosphere. Carbon
dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels now account for about 65 per cent of the extra
carbon dioxide in our atmosphere.
 The burning of coal by large-scale factories to power industry has led to acid rain in some regions
 Coal can be cleaned and/or turned into a liquid of gas but this technology has yet to be fully
developed and adds to the expense of creating fuel via coal
 Coal mining can scar the landscape and the equipment used for mining is large and noisy which
may affect local wildlife
 Transporting coal can be problematic because it requires an extensive transportation system and
can also cause additional pollution in the form of emissions from transportation vehicles such as
lorries, etc
 There are limited stocks of coal remaining – they will be entirely depleted this millennium if we
continue to burn coal in the future at the same rate we
 are today coal can be considered as a non-renewable energy source....” .UNQUOTE

 http://fossil-fuel.co.uk/coal/the-disadvantages-of-coal
“.... Japan Nuclear Crisis: Interest in Coal, Natural Gas Surges....”

 Dave Kansas 16TH MARCH,2011 WALL STREET

JOURNAL .BLOGS QUOTE : “.... With the Japanese
nuclear disaster persisting, some old energy plays are
getting an increasing amount of attention as questions
about nuclear power rise.
 China has announced plans to temporarily freeze
approvals for new nuclear plants. Germany is shutting
down seven plants and France said it will launch new
inspections of its own nuclear facilities.....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2011/03/16/japan-
nuclear-crisis-interest-in-coal-natural-gas-surges/?mod
=google_news_blog
“.... S.Africa cabinet approves 20-year energy masterplan.....”

 17TH MARCH,2011 REUTERS AFRICA WENDELL ROEF QUOTE:

 CAPE TOWN (Reuters) - South Africa sees renewable and nuclear energy
accounting for two-thirds of new power stations built over the next 20 years as it
seeks to cut its reliance on coal, a senior government official said on Thursday.
 The cabinet approved the country's 20-year energy master plan, meant to unlock
investment in the power sector and help build reserve capacity to avoid a repeat
of a 2008 power crisis which shut industry down for days in the world's top
producer of platinum and a major supplier of gold.
 Africa's biggest economy currently relies on coal for nearly all of its electricity
supply, most of which is generated by state-owned power utility Eskom .
 But the new plan foresees 42 percent of all new plants coming on stream
between now and 2030 to be based on green power, 23 percent on nuclear and
only 15 percent on coal.....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE72G09Z20110317
 THE 1973 OIL CRISIS
 TRACY DOVE ,US POLITICS TODAY APRIL 29,2008 :

 QUOTE :”.....The 1973 Oil Crisis: A Perfect Storm..

 With oil prices breaking records almost daily, it's hardly worth reporting the
new highs anymore, except to land a slap and awe on the cheeks of the
American consumer. It's an unpopular diet with no benefit in sight, and
rumors abound that the soccer moms and their SUV's are at breaking point.
But there is some silver lining to be found at the frontier of this carbon
monoxide cloud: for the first time in recent memory, Americans are driving
less, but it is certainly an affront to the nation's collective concept that to
curtail driving is un-American. Could it get any better? Has it ever been any
worse? The gas crisis of 1973 comes to the minds of those old enough to
remember driving or riding in that horrible year, but today's crisis is entirely
different from the one that threatened the nation's security in more ways
than just high gas prices back in the early 1970's......UNQUOTE.
 OIL CRISIS
 So called rhetoric of “... Oil Crisis ...” Pre-
empt a dramatic rise in Oil Prices .
 There were Oil Crisis’s in the following years :-

 1967
 1971
 1979
 2010
 2011
 Japan’s Space Solar Power Plan
 TOM CHIVERS, 10TH NOVEMBER,2009 , THE TELEGRAPH QUOTE : “.... Japan
plans giant solar power station in space...
 The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Jaxa) hopes that the ambitious plans
will help ease the country’s energy problems as well as providing a solution for
global warming.
 A select group of companies and researchers have been given the task of designing
and building the Space Solar Power System (SSPS).
 The plan is to create a miles-wide array of photovoltaic panels, like the solar panels
used on Earth, and place it in a geostationary orbit.
 Solar rays are at least five times as powerful in space as they are at ground level,
allowing the huge panels to gather vast quantities of energy.
 A report by researchers at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries said: "Since solar power is a
clean and inexhaustible energy source, we believe that this system will be able to
help solve the problems of energy shortage and global warming.....”. UNQUOTE.

 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/energy/solarpower/6536752/Japan-plans-sol
ar-power-station-in-space.html
 Japan’s $21Billion Space Station
 ARIEL SCHWARTZ , inhatit.com QUOTE : “....
 Japan Plans $21 Billion Solar Space Post to Power 294,000 Homes

 . The concept of space-based solar power was introduced way back in 1968, but it’s only

recently that the world has latched on to the idea. Japan is definitely getting in on the
action with its latest spacey plan – a $21 billion solar-powered generator in the heavens
to produce one gigawatt of energy, or enough to power 294,000 homes. The Japanese
government announced the plan back in June, but there has been an important new
development – Mitsubishi Electric Corp. and industrial design company IHI Corp. are
now teaming up in the race to develop new technology within four years that can beam
electricity back to Earth without the use of cables.... Mitsubishi and IHI are joining a
research group containing 14 other countries to tackle the daunting task of getting
Japan’s four square kilometer solar space station up and running in the next three
decades. By 2015, the Japanese government hopes to test a small satellite decked out
with solar panels that beams power through space and back to Earth....UNQUOTE.

 http://inhabitat.com/japan-plans-21-billion-solar-space-post-to-power-294000-homes/

 “.... Controversy flares over space-based
power plan....”
 12TH FEBRUARY,2009 , JEREMY SPACE HSU QUOTE : “.... Space solar power
advocates may soon get their day in the sun, as different projects aimed at beaming
energy to Earth from orbit begin to take shape. But at least one space power
scientist worries that a U.S.-based project may be promising too much, too soon.
 Last week, California regulators proposed a plan to approve a 15-year contract
with the American company Solaren Corp. to supply space-based solar power to
utility giant Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) by 2016. The Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency (JAXA) has also teamed up with a private Japanese coalition to
design a solar space station for launch by the 2030s.
 Such projects encourage scientists who dream of harnessing the sun's power
directly, without the interruption of cloudy skies and Earth's day-night cycle.
Marty Hoffert, a physicist at New York University and one of the staunchest
supporters of space solar power, suggests that today's technologies allow space
solar power to provide energy as cheaply as the usual solar panel arrays on
Earth.....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34239347/ns/technology_and_science-future_of
_energy/
 ENERGY BILLS TO ROCKET BY £172
 QUOTE : “.... ENERGY bills are set to hit record highs following the
Japanese nuclear catastrophe.
 British households will be hammered by an average rise of £172 – or 15
per cent – in their annual bills for gas and electricity as the crisis in Japan
creates a global energy shortage.
 The UK will be the country worst affected by the problems following last
week’s earthquake. The damage to Japan’s nuclear reactors has forced it
to increase the amount of liquefied ­natural gas it imports, diverting
supplies away from the UK.
 Britain is one of the largest consumers of LNG, with 60 per cent of global
supplies coming here. One third of our power stations are also run on
gas. As demand increases, supply has not risen and wholesale prices
have been sky-rocketing. Energy experts have warned that these
increased costs will be passed to the consumer.....”.UNQUOTE.


Read more:
http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/235041/Energy-bills-to-rocket-b
y-172/Energy-bills-to-rocket-by-172#ixzz1Gqx0GA00
Urgent Need for Safe Alternative Clean Energy

 There is an urgent need for safe Alternative

Clean Energy Sources...

 Worldwide traditional coal, oil and gas energy

supplies are depleting whilst population
growth and increasing urban development
places an exponential demand on traditional
coal, oil and gas energy supplies.
“...Japan’s Wind Energy Industry...”

 QUOTE : “.... Japan’s wind energy industry has surged forward in recent
years, partly spurred by a government requirement for electricity
companies to source an increasing percentage of their supply from
renewables. Development has also been encouraged by the introduction of
market incentives, both in terms of the price paid for the output from
renewable plants and in the form of capital grants towards clean energy
projects. Power purchase agreements for renewables also have a relatively
long lifespan of 15 to 17 years, which helps to encourage investor
confidence. The result has been an increase in Japan’s installed capacity
from 136 MW at the end of 2000 to 1,880 MW at the end of 2008. In 2008,
346 MW of new wind capacity was added in Japan. ....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://www.gwec.net/index.php?id=123
 “...Renewed Investor Interest in Renewable
Energy....”
 QUOTE : “.... Concerns about the safety of nuclear power in the wake of the
atomic disaster in Japan is triggering renewed investor interest in renewable
energy such as wind and solar, sending share prices higher amid hopes for a
fresh round of investments in the sector.
 The troubles in Japan are set to imbue fresh life to an industry that struggled
during the past two years as governments cut back subsidies during the
economic crisis. But even as investors are coming back amid hopes for a spike in
demand for renewable energy, industry insiders are skeptical of a global energy
policy U-turn as solar and wind power are still expensive to produce.....

 ..... The disaster in Japan has already triggered decisions and discussion that
show that a major change is under way," said Stefan Gaechter, analyst at
brokerage Helvea in Zurich. "This will be positive in the longterm for the
renewable energy sector." ......”.UNQUOTE.

 http://www.automatedtrader.net/real-time-dow-jones/53113/nuclear-power-c
oncerns-boost-renewables--but-challenges-remain

 CHINA BUILDS MORE HYDROELECTRIC
DAMS
 QUOTE : “.... DAMS AND HYDRO POWER IN CHINA
 China gets 5 percent of it energy and 20 percent of its
electricity from hydro energy. China already has many dams
and has plans to build lots more. Share of the worlds dams: 1)
China (45 percent); 2) the United States (14 percent); 3) India
(9 percent); 4) Japan (6 percent); Other countries (26 percent).
 China boasts nearly half of the world’s 50,000 large dams—
three times more than the United States —and construction
continues.Twenty major dams punctuate the Yellow River
and another 18 are scheduled to be built by
2030......”UNQUOTE.

 http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=323&catid=13
&subcatid=85
 Since 1948 China Built 86 000 Dams
 FACTS AND DETAILS.COM : QUOTE : “..... Energy shortages are encouraging
more dam building. Authorities think nothing of relocating 50,000 people to make
a dam that will provide electricity for a new industrial area. Between 1949 and 2008
about 12.5 million Chinese citizens have been moved to make way for 86,000 dams.
 Dams have been built to control flooding, improve transportation, generate
electricity, provide water for irrigation, collect water for human consumption, and
make rivers navigable. Dams however have many critics. Many object to them for
environmental reasons, say they waste money, cause the destruction of productive
farmland, force the relocation thousands of people and in the end don’t do what
they supposed to do or only do it for a short period of time.
 The Three Gates Gorge Dam, for example, was destroyed only four years after it
went into operation in 1960 because 62 percent if the reservoir was filled with mud.
A large dam n Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region produces only about a third of
electricity it was designed to produce due to lack or water caused by droughts and
erosion......”.UNQUOTE.

 http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=323&catid=13&subcatid=85
 Is There a Link between Construction of Dams and
Earthquakes ?
 FRONTLINE Volume 16 - Issue 27, Dec. 25, 1999 - Jan 07, 2000
ARUN BAPAT QUOTE : “.... A DETAILED analysis of seismic data reveals a
sequence in the occurrence of earthquakes. First, most earthquakes occur along an
established geological or tectonic fault. Second, earthquakes have a certain
frequency and a return period. If the return peri od is, say Y years, then an
earthquake of similar magnitude is likely to occur after Y years anywhere along a
fault line. The seismic gap perpetually floats on the fault and wherever the situation
is seismically suitable, a quake is triggered. Once an ar ea experiences a quake, its
epicentral volume is crushed and it becomes unable to accept any further geo-
technical stress. This means that once an area has experienced an earthquake, it will
not experience another earthquake of a similar magnitude for a long time. The time
gap is usually about three to five times the return period of the earthquake. Usually
the return period of medium-sized earthquakes (of magnitude ranging from 6.0 to
7.0) is of the order of a few decades. For powerful earthquakes (wit h magnitude
higher than 7.0), the return period is usually 100 years or more. Hence the
possibility of occurrence of one earthquake immediately after another at the same
location or in its vicinity is almost nil. The area may experience earthquakes of sm
aller magnitude, known in the seismic lexicon as micro-earthquakes. The magnitude
of a micro-earthquake is less than 4.5 on the Richter scale, and they do not cause any
evident damage. .....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1627/16270870.htm
 Dams Increase Seismic Risk
 FRONTLINE Volume 16 - Issue 27, Dec. 25, 1999 - Jan 07, 2000
ARUN BAPAT QUOTE : “.... It could perhaps be argued that despite all these scientific and
technological developments, an element of seismic risk could cast a shadow on dam
construction. But this anticipation of risk should not stand in the way of progress, especially in
a develo ping country like India. The country needs water and electricity to provide its people
good living standards. Hydropower is the solution to the country's requirements, and this can
be achieved by storing water in dams.
 As of now, there are about 23,000 large dams in the world. A large dam is defined by the
International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD) as one which has a height of 33 metres and
above. Of these dams, only four, namely Koyna (India), Kremesta (Greece), Kar iba (South
Africa) and Singfenkiang (China), have experienced earthquakes of a moderate magnitude of
between 6.0 and 6.5 on the Richter scale within a few years of building. The data available
from these four earthquakes did not compare scientifically or statistically with regard to the
rest of the large dams, disproving the claim of the RIS lobby.
 Some seismologists have published a list of about 100 cases of RIS. These cases show that after
the completion of a dam, the reservoir area experienced earthquakes of microlevel magnitude -
2.0 or 3.0 on the Richter scale. But a close scrutiny makes it c lear that such observations are
deceptive. These earthquakes, of microlevel magnitude, may not be considered earthquakes in
the conventional sense. These are minor fractures, which occur routinely. Only seismological
instruments "feel" such earthquakes. The way an open-ended logarithmic Richter scale
functions can be understood by a simple experiment. If a standard brick (5 cmx10 cmx20 cm) is
dropped from a two-metre height, the impact of its fall on the ground is almost equivalent to
the magnitude of a n earthquake at that point. .....”.UNQUOTE

 http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1627/16270870.htm
 How Safe is Nuclear Energy ?
 17 TH MARCH 2011 , NEW YORK TIMES :

 HEADLINE QUOTE : “.......

U.S. Calls Radiation ‘Extremely High’; Sees J
apan Nuclear Crisis Worsening
....”
 Earthquakes and Loss of Life
Earthquakes result in a substantial loss of life in
many countries , e.g.

Pakistan
Haiti
New Zealand
China
Japan
 Earthquakes and Damage to
Infrastructure
 Billions of USA Dollars of indiscriminate
damage to the natural environment and
widescale infrastructural damage to
residential ,urban and industrial areas , with
specific reference to homes, industrial
buildings, oil reservoirs, electrical grids and
electric power stations, telecommunication
links, roads, bridges, dams, factories, small
shops and shopping malls, trees, etc
 “...The Theory of Plate Tectonics...”
 SCOT H.DAHMS 4/03/2004 EMPRIUM .EDU QUOTE : “.... The theory of plate tectonics explains
that the Earth's crust is broken into many plates. The plates are in continuous contact with each
other and move as a whole. They move slowly over the Earth's surface and are propelled by heat
generated inside of the Earth. Plates meet along fault zones. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden
release of energy from the movement of the Earth's crust mostly along fault zones. Areas along the
fault zones may become stuck or locked in place storing a tremendous amount of energy. When
the area moves, the energy is released in the form of seismic vibrations causing ground shaking.
The sudden release of energy can cause enormous amounts of damage to structures including
earth embankment dams. Damage to a dam can cause the dam to fail releasing large amounts of
water into a river valley. The result can be catastrophic including loss of life and property.

 Most of the early dams were built with no consideration of earthquakes. For instance, dams built
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the Louisville District before 1950 were not designed for
earthquake forces because designers did not consider earthquakes probable threats (USACE 1990).
As more information of earthquakes was collected, the need to built dams that could withstand
earthquakes was recognized. Earth embankment dams may be damaged by earthquakes in several
ways including dam movement, liquefaction of fill in a dam, water waves caused by an earthquake
over topping a dam, and direct damage caused by a dam being located on a fault....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/student/dahms3/web1.htm
 “...Dams and Liquefaction...”
 SCOT H.DAHMS 4/03/2004 EMPRIUM .EDU QUOTE : “.... The Lower San Fernando Dam
located northwest of Los Angeles, California was damaged by the San Fernando Earthquake
of 1971. The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.7. Liquefaction in the upstream side led to a
major slide involving the core, the crest, and the upstream slope along nearly half the length
of the dam. The dam did not fail because a cracked rim on the downstream side of the dam
was higher then the water level in the lake. No loss of life resulted but 80,000 people were
evacuated downstream of the dam. The dam was constructed between 1912 and 1915 with
hydraulic fill methods and was enlarged in 1930. The older part of the dam included a clay
core with outer zones of silty sand (Bonilla 1991). Hydraulic fill methods involve the mixing
of fill soil with water, transporting the fill to the dam site by pipelines, depositing the fill and
water on the embankment, and allowing the water to drain away. The fill is loose and is
susceptible to liquefaction (VTU 2000). Because of the damage to the Lower San Fernando
Dam, the California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams analyzed
over 100 dams. Of these, 60 dams have been physically modified, 19 have permanent storage
restrictions, 36 have preliminary restrictions pending mitigation of deficiencies, and 4 have
been removed (Babbitt and Verigin 1996).....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/student/dahms3/web1.htm
 “...Major earthquakes can cause
Liquefaction...”
 QUOTE : “... Liquefaction is most often known as the result of a major earthquake, but can
also be caused by construction practices such as blasting, vibroflotation and dynamic
compaction. Because soil must be saturated for liquefaction to occur, it is observed most
often in areas of low elevation near bodies of water. It should be noted that this can occur
easily on river banks as well as near larger bodies of water (pictures at right show sliding
in 1957 on the banks of Lake Merced, California, above, and below in 1976 in Guatemala on
the Montagua River). Liquefaction can also occur in soil that is completely submerged and
commonly causes significant damages to bridge foundations, off-shore oil drilling facilities,
and other structures that are supported by submerged soil deposits....
 ... Seismic events, in general, can cause a number of dangerous ground conditions that can
lead to structural damage and failure resulting in loss of life. Severe ground shaking,
lateral spreading (such as landsliding and deposit movement/shifting), as well as
‘incoherence’. Incoherence is the propagation of a wave in a structure causing foundation
or bridge piers to experience movement that is out of sync with the rest of the structure
(see bridge failure from 1964 Earthquake in Niigata, Japan, right, and upper deck collapse
of Bay Bridge from San Francisco, California 1989, left). Liquefaction may amplify the
potential for those conditions and the damage they cause.....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/cause-importance-of-liquifaction/2356/
 Fukushima Prefecture and Part Liquefaction of
ground at Sendai Airport
 12th MARCH,2011 ABC NEWS QUOTE : “..... Television footage showed a wide, muddy tide
moving rapidly across a residential area near the Natori River in Sendai.
 Public broadcaster NHK said several dozen houses had been washed away in Miyagi
prefecture.
 There are reports a dam has broken in Fukushima prefecture, washing away a number of
homes.
 The tsunami also reached Sendai airport, submerging the runway while a process known as
liquefaction, caused by the intense shaking of the tremor, turned parts of the ground to liquid.
 A fire in the turbine building of Onagawa nuclear plant in Miyagi prefecture has been brought
under control, Kyodo News reported.
 The government had earlier tried to reassure people there was no danger of a leak from the
country's network of nuclear power plants.
 In the capital, where millions evacuated strongly swaying buildings, multiple injuries were
reported when the roof of a hall collapsed during a graduation ceremony, police said.
 Plumes of smoke rose from at least 10 locations in the city, where 4.4 million homes suffered
power outages. An oil refinery was ablaze in Chiba outside Tokyo.

 http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/03/11/3162153.htm
 Japan’s Dams
 KENDALL TAGGART, 17TH MARCH,2011 CALIFORNIA WATCH :
QUOTE : “.... Japan dam failure renews focus on California dams....
 ..... As Californians closely watch the catastrophe at Japan's nuclear
plants, many engineers are also studying the failure of a dam in Japan’s
northeast Fukushima prefecture. The extent of the damage is still
unknown.
 "One dam failure is too many," said Nicholas Sitar, a professor of civil
and environmental engineering at UC Berkeley.
 Experts have not yet determined what caused the dam to fail. The
duration of ground shaking during the earthquake, which lasted
roughly three minutes, may have contributed to the breach...
 "In California we do not have the kind of tectonic setting that would
produce extremely long durations," Sitar said....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/japan-dam-failure-renews-focus
-california-dams-9264
 JAPAN’S 8.9 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI THAT FOLLOWED
 12 MARCH,2011 , ABC NEWS
 QUOTE : “.. Record quake unleashes tsunami on Japan
 ...A massive 8.9-magnitude earthquake rocked northeast Japan late on Friday afternoon,
setting a nuclear plant ablaze and unleashing a 10-metre tsunami that tossed ships inland and
left at least 110 people dead.
A dam in the Fukushima region , northeastern Japan , burst its banks and swept away many
houses , Kyodo news agency said on Saturday ( 03/12/2011 ) , after the largest earthquake in
the history of the country resulted in many deaths and destruction .

Earthquake 8.9 on the Richter scale - the seventh largest ever recorded - create a giant wall of
water that swept the city of Sendai , northeast Japan . Police said the bodies had been found in
the 200-300 area of the beach .

At least 310 people were killed in the devastating earthquake and tsunami that followed . The
government declared a state of emergency and atomic energy officials immediately secure the
main nuclear facilities in the affected area.

Several hours after the earthquake with the power to destroy it , the television broadcast giant
balls of flame soaring into the night sky when the fire broke out around a petrochemical
complex in Sendai . Major fire also occurred at an oil refinery in the area Iichihara near
Tokyo ...”.UNQUOTE.
 http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/8446354-disaster-in-japan-a-dam-in-fukushima
-broken-after-earthquake
 “...Earthquake Exceeded Fukushima Daiichi’s
Design Strength...”.
 QUOTE : “.... Japan Battles to Avert Nuclear Power Plant Disaster

 At its epicenter, the earthquake exceeded Fukushima Daiichi’s design strength.

 ..... The nuclear crisis at Fukushima Daiichi power plant comes four years after another earthquake

delivered a warning to Tokyo Electric Power Company that seismic risks at its atomic reactors could
be far greater than plant engineers had reckoned.
 TEPCO is now battling to avert a catastrophic meltdown at three of the six reactors at the

Fukushima facility­, with a second hydrogen explosion early Monday morning signaling the
difficulty of that effort.

 ....But in 2007, the company escaped such peril at its Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant, the largest nuclear
power station in the world, when it was damaged by a 6.8-magnitude earthquake that was up to
three times larger than the plant’s design was built t­o withstand.
 That underestimate touched off concern and study throughout the global nuclear industry, but

officials have pointed to the incident as a demonstration of nuclear plant resilience, because no
critical safety structures or systems were impaired. Industry critics have drawn a less comforting
conclusion: “They were lucky,” says Arjun Makhijani, an engineer and president of the Washington,
D.C.-based Institute for Energy and Environmental Research.....UNQUOTE.

 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/03/110314-japan-nuclear-power-plant-di
saster/
HIROSHIMA, NAGASAKI , 1945 AND 2011
JAPAN NUCLEAR CRISIS
 16TH MARCH, 2011 WALL STREET JOURNAL , JAPAN NEWS,
 QUOTE :” HIROSHIMA LEGACY HEIGHTENS FEARS ..... TOKYO—Mikiso
Iwasa was 16 years old when the atomic bomb struck Hiroshima on Aug. 6, 1945.
He was in the backyard of his house, a little less than a mile away from ground
zero. He was smashed onto the ground by the force of the bomb.
 Mr. Iwasa escaped, but the deadly effects of radiation caught up with him later:

He suffered from skin cancer twice as well as prostate cancer. He lost his hair.
His nose and gums bled. He developed rashes all over his body.....
 .......For the only country ever to have experienced the atomic bomb and the

horrific effects of concentrated radiation exposure, the nuclear crisis escalating in

Japan has had a crippling effect on the nation's collective psyche.
 Panic and confusion swept through Japan on Tuesday after a fresh explosion at

one reactor and a fire at another at a damaged plant in Fukushima.

.....UNQUOTE.

 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703566504576202413381326924.
html
 Japan’s Nuclear Crisis
 16TH MARCH,2011 NEW YORK TIMES :

 QUOTE WASHINGTON — The chairman of the

United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission gave a
far bleaker appraisal on Wednesday of the threat posed
by Japan’s nuclear crisis than the Japanese government
had offered. He said American officials believed that
the damage to at least one crippled reactor was much
more serious than Tokyo had acknowledged, and he
advised Americans to stay much farther away from the
plant than the perimeter established by Japanese
authorities....”.UNQUOTE.
 USA FEARS OF JAPAN RADIATION LEAKS

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL 16th March,2011

 QUOTE : “.....U.S. Sounds Alarm on Radiation

 TOKYO—Fear about radiation dangers posed by Japan's
nuclear crisis spiked as the U.S. instructed its troops and
citizens to stay at least 50 miles away from the crippled
reactors—establishing a "no-go" zone far wider than the buffer
recommended by the Japanese government itself.....”.
UNQUOTE.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405274870426150457
6205710731202194.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
 Radiation Levels at Japan’s Nuclear Plant “Extremely High”

 QUOTE ; “... Japan's widening government involvement came as international skepticism built up. Late
Wednesday, the U.S. State Department authorized the voluntary evacuation of dependents of U.S.-
government personnel based in northeast Japan. The State Department also added that U.S. citizens in
Japan consider departing, and reiterated its caution that citizens defer travel to the country at this time.
 Earlier in the day, the top U.S. nuclear regulator, Gregory Jaczko, called radiation levels at one of the

plant's units "extremely high," adding that, "for a comparable situation in the United States we would
recommend an evacuation for a much larger radius than is currently being provided in Japan."
 Previously the U.S. had agreed with Japanese officials that a 12-mile evacuation zone was adequate. The

change came after the NRC ran computer-modeling exercises using "the best available information we
have" about the damaged reactors along with accumulated knowledge about how systems inside nuclear
plants perform under "severe accident conditions," a spokesman with the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission said.
 Asked why the U.S. set a broader "no-go" zone than did Japan, government spokesmen Yukio Edano said

in a press conference that it was understandable to make a more "conservative decision" when trying to
ensure the safety of citizens abroad, in a country where it doesn't exert direct control. He reiterated that
Japan's government feels it is taking appropriate measures.......”. UNQUOTE.

 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704261504576205710731202194.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
 COUNTRIES URGE CITIZENS TO
LEAVE JAPAN
 16th March,2011 THE GUARDIAN :3535
 QUOTE : “..... Britain France, Italy and Australia urged their
nationals to get out of the capital, amid fears that a radioactive
cloud could spread from the stricken nuclear reactors on Japan's
earthquake and tsunami-hit north-east coast.
 As panic spread to China and Russia, where shoppers stocked up
on gauze masks and chemists sold out of iodine tablets to treat
radiation sickness, the Foreign Office issued advice to any British
nationals in Tokyo or to its north to consider leaving the area
because of the "evolving situation" at the Fukushima nuclear plant
and potential disruptions to the supply of goods, transport,
communications and power.....”.UNQUOTE.

 http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/16/britain-urging
-citizens-leave-tokyo
 Countries Requesting their Citizens to
leave Japan
 THE GUARDIAN 16TH MARCH,2011 :

 QUOTE : “...Britain joins countries urging

their citizens to leave Tokyo
 Radiation levels in the Japanese capital were 10
times above normal levels at one point on
Wednesday, prompting panic .....UNQUOTE.

 http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar
/16/britain-urging-citizens-leave-tokyo
THE BIBLE AND END TIME EVENTS
 QUOTE : “... It has become apparent by now that the world has entered
a new period of time that is unparalleled in all of human history.
 Marked acceleration of natural disasters that include Earthquakes,
Tsunami’s, Nuclear Meltdown, Rioting, Violence and dramatic
increases in sin and lawlessness. These events are not mere
happenstance, they are voices speaking of a greater Tribulation that is
to come.
 Jesus said that in this world we would experience Tribulation. Then He
added that we should be of good cheer because He has overcome the
world:
 John 16:33 These things I have spoken to you, that in Me you may have
peace. In the world you will have tribulation; but be of good cheer, I
have overcome the world.”....UNQUOTE.

 http://www.bibleprophecyupdate.com/tag/rapture/
“...WHEN SHALL THESE THINGS BE ...? ”
 QUOTE : “.... to him for to shew him the buildings of the temple.
  2And Jesus said unto them, See ye not all these things? verily I say unto you,
There shall not be left here one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown
down.
  3And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately,
saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy
coming, and of the end of the world?
  4And Jesus answered and said unto them, Take heed that no man deceive you.
  5For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many.
  6And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for
all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet.
  7For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there
shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, in divers places.
  8All these are the beginning of sorrows..........”. UNQUOTE.

 ( Matthew 24 verses 1 to 8 ; King James Bible )