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INTRODUCTION Input Port Output Port

— A two-port network is an electrical

circuit or device with two j
 of
terminals connected together
internally by an electrical network.
— A two-port network makes possible the isolation of either a
complete circuit or part of it and replacing it by its characteristic
parameters.
— Once this is done, the isolated part of the circuit becomes a
"ë
ë" with a set of distinctive properties.
— There are a number of alternative sets of parameters that can be
used to describe a linear two-port network, the usual sets are
respectively called u, ,
, , and  parameters.
— Õ amples of two-port networks include small-signal models for
transistors (such as the hybrid-pi model), filters and matching
networks.
àÕNÕRAL PROPÕRTIÕ

— 
 
  
Y A network is said to be reciprocal if the voltage appearing at port 2
due to a current applied at port 1 is the same as the voltage
appearing at port 1 when the same current is applied to port 2.
Y A network will be reciprocal if it consists entirely of linear passive
components (that is, resistors, capacitors and inductors).
—   
  
Y A network is symmetrical if its input impedance is equal to its
output impedance.
Y It is not necessary, symmetrical networks are also physically
symmetrical.
Y These are networks where the input and output impedances are the
duals of each other.
— i   
Y A lossless network is one which contains no resistors or other
dissipative elements
CONDITION
OR ANALY
I

— The analysis methods we will
discuss require the following
conditions be met

I. Linearity : Network must be

linear
II. Time-Invariant
III. Bilateral
IV. No independent sources
inside the network
V. No stored energy inside the
network i.e. zero initial
conditions
VI.
atisfy port condition i.e. the
same current must enter and
leave a port
IMPÕDANCÕ PARAMÕTÕR
(Z-PARAMÕTÕR
)
— Impedance parameters can be calculated after making two
sets of measurements
— They are also known as open circuit parameters because in
each set of observation one of the port is kept open.
— They are usually e pressed in matri notation as follows:

— Here V1 and V2 are dependent variables while I1 and I2 are

independent variables.
PROPÕRTIÕ
:
— or reciprocal networks
Y Z2 Z2
— or symmetrical networks
Y Z Z22
— or lossless networks
Y All the Z½ are purely imaginary
CALCULATION:




IMPÕDANCÕ PARAMÕTÕR ÕUIVALÕNT CIRCUIT

— Here Z2I2 and Z2 I are current controlled voltage

sources (CCV
).
àLO

ARY
— 
  
: The circuit whose characteristics does
not change due to change in direction of current and
voltage e.g. transmisson line
— i
 
: A network in which the relation between
voltage and current is linear curve i.e. it obeys ohm·s law.
— ë
 pair of terminals can be called a j
 only if the
current entering one terminal is equal to the current
leaving the other.
—  : The dual of an impedance Z is its algebraic inverse
Z·=1/Z.
—   


 
 
   
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