Gic Finally

Presented By
GENERAL Nivya Thankappan (1969)

Rahul Patel (1973)
INSURANCE Dushyant Panchal (1970)

Hemang Gosaliya (1960)
Mahesh Metkal (1966)
2
B.K. School of business
INSURANCE
management
▫ DEFINITION: Insurance in broad terms may be

described as a method of sharing financial losses of
few from a common fund who are equally exposed to
the same loss.
• There are 24 general insurance companies including the ECGC
and Agriculture Insurance Corporation of India and 23 life
insurance companies operating in the country.
• The insurance sector is growing at a speedy rate of 15-20%.
• Together with banking services, insurance services add about
7% to the country’s GDP.
• It is also a means of saving and investment.
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management
EXAMPLE
• Say 1000 motor cars valued @ 300000/- are
observed over a period of five years. On an
average say per year two are total loss by
accident. Then the total annual loss would be
Rs.600000. If the loss is to shared by all the
thousand owners then they have to contribute
Rs.600/-
• The loss experience will be established by taking
the past experience, geographical area in which
the vehicles are used and density of traffic.
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management
PRINCIPLES OF INSURANCE
• Contract of Insurance
• Utmost Good Faith
• Contractual Duty
• Insurable Interest
• Time when Insurable Interest should be present
• Indemnity
• Subrogation
• Proximate Cause
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THEORY & PRACTICE OF RATING

• The rate of premium is decided according to three
principles:
1. Degree of Hazard
2. Classification of Risks
3. Past loss experiences
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management
DEGREE OF HAZARD
• Greater the risk, higher the premium
• Eg. Likelihood of fire is more in a building of
wooden construction than in a concrete building
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CLASSIFICATION OF RISKS
• Rates of premium should be equitable and fair as
between different individual insureds
• But this is not feasible
• Hence, classified into broad categories
• Eg. Motor vehicles are classified into private cars,
motor cycles and scooters, and commercial vehicles.
Also, private cars are sub-divided as per the cubic
capacity of the engine.
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PAST LOSS EXPERIENCE

L/V x 100 where
L= total losses reported
V=refers to the total values
the product of the above analysis is called
Law of averages or the doctrine of probability.
So premium rates depend upon past loss experience
by systematically classifying the risks. Which are
homogenous in characters
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EXAMPLE
• Value of a motor cycle Rs. 50,000/-
• Loss experience: Out of 1000 bikes, in say, 10 years, 50
bikes are stolen
• On an average five bikes per year are total losses
• Hence, 50000*5 * 100 = 0.5%
50000*1000
• Rate of premium will be 0.5%*50000 = Rs.250 pa
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COMPONENTS OF PREMIUM
• Pure premium
• Loss expenses (eg. Survey fees)
• Commission to intermediaries
• Expenses of management
• Margin for reserves for unexpected heavy losses
• Margin for profits
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management
BRIEF HISTORY OF INSURANCE SECTOR
• The insurance sector in India has completed all the

facets of competition
• An open competitive market to being nationalized
and then getting back to the form of a liberalized
market once again.
• With the establishment of the Oriental Life Insurance
Company in Kolkata, the business of Indian life
insurance started in the year 1818.
12
IMPORTANT MILESTONES B.K. School of business

management
• The Indian Insurance Companies Act

1928
• Nationalization of general insurance
1973
• IRDA Act
1999
• IRDA (Licensing of Insurance Agents) Regulations
2000 Act
• General Insurance Business (Nationalisation)

2002 Amendment Act
• TAC confirmed withdrawal of tariffs effective

2007 from 1st January 2007.
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management
LIST OF GENERAL INSURERS
• 1. Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Co. Ltd.

• 2. ICICI Lombard General Insurance Co. Ltd.
• 3. IFFCO Tokio General Insurance Co. Ltd.
• 4. National Insurance Co.Ltd.
• 5. The New India Assurance Co. Ltd.
• 6. The Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd.
• 7. Reliance General Insurance Co. Ltd.
• 8. Royal Sundaram Alliance Insurance Co. Ltd
• 9. Tata AIG General Insurance Co. Ltd.
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• 10. United India Insurance Co. Ltd.

• 11. Cholamandalam MS General Insurance Co. Ltd.
• 12. HDFC ERGO General Insurance Co. Ltd
• 13. Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd.
• 14. Agriculture Insurance Co. of India Ltd.
• 15. Star Health and Allied Insurance Company Limited
• 16. Apollo Munich Health Insurance Company Limited
• 17. Future Generali India Insurance Company Limited
• 18. Universal Sompo General Insurance Co. Ltd.
• 19. Shriram General Insurance Company Limited,
• 20. Bharti AXA General Insurance Company Limited
• 21. Raheja QBE General Insurance Company Limited,
• 22. SBI General Insurance Company Limited
• 23. Max Bupa Health Insurance Company Ltd.
• 24. L&T General Insurance Company Limited
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Scope of general insurance

• Fire
• Marine
• Motor
• Personal accident
• Liability
• Engineering
• Rural
• Misc.
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Fire insurance
• Form of property insurance which protects people from the costs incurred
by fires.
• When a structure is covered by fire insurance, the insurance policy will pay
out in the event that the structure is damaged or destroyed by fire.
• Some standard property insurance policies include fire insurance in their
coverage, while in other cases, fire insurance may need to be purchased
separately.
• Depending on the terms of the policy, fire insurance may pay out the actual
value of the property after the fire, or it may pay out the replacement value.
In a replacement value policy, the structure will be replaced in the event of
a fire, whether it has depreciated or appreciated: in other words, if
homeowners purchase a home and the value increases, as long as it is
covered by a replacement value policy, the insurance company will replace
it. An actual cash value policy covers the structure, less depreciation. Most
accounts come with coverage limits which may need to be adjusted as
property values rise and fall.
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Fire insurance
• Depending on the terms of the policy, the contents of
the home as well as the structure may be covered in the
event of a fire.
• Some policies also provide a living allowance which
allows the victims of a fire to rent temporary
housing while their homes are repaired.
• These clauses in an insurance policy typically cause the
policy to become more expensive, since they will
represent additional costs to the insurance company in
the event of a fire. However, they can be extremely
useful if a fire occurs.
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management
Fire insurance
• The cost of fire insurance
varies widely.
• The use of fire alarms,
sprinkler systems, and other
safety measures can decrease
the cost of the policy, and may
even be required for some
policies.
• Living in a region prone to
wildfires will increase the cost
of the insurance, as the risk of
a payout is greatly increased.
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Fire insurance
• When purchasing fire insurance, people should be
aware that some types of fires may not be covered.
• For example, a fire caused by an earthquake might
be excluded from a fire insurance policy, as might a
fire caused by an act of God.
• It is important to read the terms of the policy
carefully, and to ask for clarification from the
insurance representative if the terms are not clear.
If a policy does not appear to meet the need, it
should be renegotiated until it is satisfactory.
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Fire insurance
• Although the insured gets new property which is
in similar condition and of same kind, to protect
the basic of idea of indemnity the property will
not be of superior nature.
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Marine insurance
•
Marine insurance is a type of insurance that covers boats and ships, as well
as their cargo and in some instances the places where the boat or ship is
docked.
• It started in England during the 17th century. In 1906, the Marine Insurance
Act was passed under British law, creating a standard operating procedure
for policies that dictates the world's policies to this day.
• There are several varieties of insurance that can be taken out by a boat or
ship owner. Marine cargo insurance covers whatever goods the boat is
carrying. Inland marine insurance can be procured for floating vessels that
are not ocean-bound, but travel primarily on lakes, rivers and reservoirs.
There are also more general policies that cover the boat itself and its
passengers, liability for damages to other moving vehicles and liability
during an encounter with a non-moving object. These all fall under the
heading of a marine insurance policy.
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Marine insurance
• Two types:
▫ HULL- deals the Loss associated with floating
crafts
▫ CARGO- Cargo insurance provides cover in
respect of loss or damage to goods during transit
by rail, road, sea or air
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• MARINE PERILS : are the perils associated with rivers,

seas.
• EXTRANEOUS PERILS: means not relevant.

▫ Ex: theft, pilferage non delivery are some of the
extraneous perils.
• Loss due to WAR, STRIKES and CIVIL COMMOTIONS

(SRCC) can also be covered under a Marine policy.
• The consequences of these perils may result in total

loss.
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management
Marine insurance
• The rates of a marine insurance company vary
depending upon the type of boat, size of boat, use of
boat and the owner's current insurance history. Some
policies may have stipulations on what they will and
will not cover, and how much of the damages the
owner of the boat is required to pay out of pocket. As
with other types of insurance, it is almost always best
to look at more than one policy before deciding on
which to buy. Purchasers should be aware that the
necessity for watercraft insurance varies by country
and region.
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management
Motor insurance
• Vehicle insurance is insurance purchased
for cars, trucks, and other road vehicles. Its
primary use is to provide protection against
physical damage and/or bodily injury resulting
from traffic collisions and against liability that
could also arise there from
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management
Motor insurance
• Auto Insurance in India deals with the insurance covers for the loss or
damage caused to the automobile or its parts due to natural and man-
made calamities. It provides accident cover for individual owners of
the vehicle while driving and also for passengers and third party legal
liability.
• Auto Insurance in India is a compulsory requirement for all new
vehicles used whether for commercial or personal use. The insurance
companies have tie-ups with leading automobile manufacturers. They
offer their customers instant auto quotes. The claims of the Auto
Insurance in India can be accidental, theft claims or third party claims.
Certain documents are required for claiming Auto Insurance in India ,
like duly signed claim form, RC copy of the vehicle, Driving license
copy, FIR copy, Original estimate and policy copy.
• There are different types of Auto Insurance in India :
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management
Motor insurance
• Private Car Insurance - In the Auto Insurance in India, Private Car Insurance
is the fastest growing sector as it is compulsory for all the new cars. The
amount of premium depends on the make and value of the car, state where
the car is registered and the year of manufacture.
• Two Wheeler Insurance - The Two Wheeler Insurance under the Auto
Insurance in India covers accidental insurance for the drivers of the vehicle.
The amount of premium depends on the current showroom price multiplied
by the depreciation rate fixed by the Tariff Advisory Committee at the time of
the beginning of policy period.
• Commercial Vehicle Insurance - Commercial Vehicle Insurance under the
Auto Insurance in India provides cover for all the vehicles which are not used
for personal purposes, like the Trucks and HMVs. The amount of premium
depends on the showroom price of the vehicle at the commencement of the
insurance period, make of the vehicle and the place of registration of the
vehicle. The auto insurance generally includes:
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management
Motor insurance
• Loss or damage by accident, fire, lightning, self ignition,
external explosion, burglary, housebreaking or theft,
malicious act. Liability for third party injury/death, third
party property and liability to paid driver On payment of
appropriate additional premium, loss/damage to
electrical/electronic accessories The auto insurance does
not include:
1).Consequential loss, depreciation, mechanical and
electrical breakdown, failure or breakage
2).When vehicle is used outside the geographical area
3).War or nuclear perils and drunken driving
Health insurance
• Health insurance in a narrow
sense would be ‘an individual
or group purchasing health
care coverage in advance by
paying a fee called premium.’
• In its broader sense, it would
be any arrangement that helps
to defer, delay, reduce or
altogether avoid payment for
health care incurred by
individuals and households.
Insurance
Plans
Community
Private Social
Based
Community
Risk Rated & Non- Risk Rated &
offered by Rated & Normally
Commercial Government managed by
Organization initiated Community /
Groups
Types of Health Insurance
• Individual Mediclaim : The simplest form of

health insurance is the Individual
Mediclaim policy. It covers the hospitalization
expenses for an individual for up to the sum
assured limit.
• The insurance premium is dependent on the
sum assured value.
• Family Floater policy : Family Floater Policies
are enhanced version of the mediclaim policy. The
sum assured value floats among the family
members.
• i.e each opted family member comes under the
policy, and it covers expenses for the entire family
up to the sum assured limit.
• The premium for family floater plans is typically
less than that for separate insurance cover for
each family member.
• Unit Linked Health Plans : Taking the ULIP
route, health insurance companies too have
introduced Unit Linked Health Plans. Such
plans combine health insurance with investment
and pay back an amount at the end of the
insurance term.
• The returns of course are dependent on market
performance. These plans are very new and still
in development phase .
• There are 2 ways by which health insurance claims are
settled:
• Cashless : For availing cashless treatment (only at authorized
network hospitals), the TPA has to be notified in advance (for
planned hospitalization) or within the stipulated time limits (for
emergencies). The insurance desk at hospitals usually helps with
all paper work. The claim amount need to be approved by the
TPA, and the hospital settles the amount with the TPA/ Insurer.
• Reimbursement : Reimbursement facility can be availed at
both the network and non-network hospitals. Here the insured
avails the treatment and settles the hospital bills directly at the
hospital. The insured can claim reimbursement for
hospitalization by submitting relevant bills/ documents for the
claimed amount to the TPA.
Exclusion
• Cost of spectacles and contact lenses, hearing aids.
• Dental treatment or surgery of any king unless
requiring hospitalization.
• Various conditions commonly referred to as AIDS.
• Expense on vitamins and tonic unless forming
part of treatment.
• Any disease other than those stated.
• naturopathy treatment
Addressing some way-outs for issues and
challenges
• Creating awareness on Rights & Responsibilities
• Data Pool – Regulator as a repository
• Standardization of Cost
▫ TPAs
▫ Health Providers
• Increased Tax benefit
• Gradation of Health service providers
• Pool for Senior Citizen
• Compulsory Health Benefits for organized sector
• Government role on mass healthcare initiatives
PERSONAL ACCIDENT INSURANCE
• Types of Disablement:
• Permanent total
disablement(100% capital
sum)
• Permanent partial
disablement
• Temporary total
disablement
• Age limits:
• Minimum age limit 5 years
• Maximum age limit 70 years
Contingency benefits
• Death • 100% of capital sum insured
• Loss of two limbs • 100% of capital sum
• Loss of one limb and one eye • 100% of capital sum
• Loss of two eyes • 100% of capital sum
• Loss of one limb or one eye • 50% of capital sum
• Temporary total disablement • 1% of capital sum insured per
up to 104 weeks week not to exceed Rs.
3000
Group personal accident policy
• Pre-identified segments/groups where the
premium is to be paid by the state/central
government.
• Member of a registered co-operative society.
• Members of registered service clubs.
• Holders of credit card of banks/ diners/master
• Holders of deposits certificates issued by
banks/NBFC’s
• Shareholders of banks/public limited companies.
Claim documents
• Medical certificate
• Receipt/discharge form
• Death certificate
• Probate or letters of administration
LIABILITY INSURANCE
• To provide indemnity in
respect of damage payable
under law for personal injury
to third parties or damage to
their property.
• Third party motor vehicles
insurance
• Public liability insurance
• Employer’s liability insurance
• Workman’s compensation
insurance
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ENGINEERING INSURANCE
• A comprehensive and adequate insurance
protection against all risks involved in the
erection of Machinery and Plant
• Different policies
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Electronic equipments policy

• Section - 1
• Sudden and unforeseen material damages to
electronic equipment due to…
▫ Fire, riot, natural calamity, cyclone, earthquake,
theft, burglary, human error etc.
• S.I. must be present day replacement value of
similar new electronic equipment including
duty, freight, taxes etc.
• Claim settlement: partial loss or total loss
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Contd…
• Section – 2 : External data media
• Scope : section 1 + cost of reconstruction of data
• S.I. = physical value of item + restoration
charges
• Section – 3 : increased cost of working
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Marine-cum-storage-cum erection
• All kinds of industrial machines/ raw material used
for production purposes
• Insured can be manufacturer, supplier, contractor,
subcontractor or owner of the machinery
• Policy can be taken jointly
• Scope: accidental physical loss or damage due to
any cause
• Period of cover as per client’s requirement from
1month to 24 months
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Contd…
• Sum insured:
▫ Machinery/ equipment’s landed cost
▫ Cost of erection
▫ Permanent civil-engineering work
• Extension of cover
▫ Earthquake, terrorism, third party liability cover,
escalation etc.
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Contractors’ all risk (car)

• Offer comprehensive and adequate protection
against loss or damage in respect of contract
works, as well as third party claims in respect of
property damage or bodily injury arising with
execution of civil engg. Project
• Scope: sudden or unforeseen loss or damage
occurring during the period of property insured
on the building site will be indemnified
• Exclusion: loss or damage due to faulty design
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Contd….
• Policy can be taken by either
principal/contractor/subcontractor
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Contractor plant & machinery (cpm)

• Insurance of all types of contractors’ machinery
and equipment engaged for work at any site
• S.I. : all individual item replacement value plus
transportation cost to site
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Other policy
• Machinery breakdown
• Boiler and pressure plant insurance
• Deterioration of stocks in cold storage OR
refrigeration plant policy
51

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Obligation –Rural Sector

• Every insurer, who begins to carry on insurance business after the
commencement of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
Act, 1999 (41 of 1999), shall, for the purposes of sections 32B and 32C of the
Act, ensure that he undertakes the following obligations, during the first five
financial years, pertaining to the persons in rural sector,
▫ in respect of a life insurer, --
 seven per cent in the first financial year;
 nine per cent in the second financial year;
 Twelve percent in the third financial year;
 Fourteen percent in the fourth financial year;
 Sixteen percent in the fifth year;
of total policies written direct in that year;
▫ in respect of a general insurer,--
 two per cent in the first financial year;
 three per cent in the second financial year;
five per cent there after,
of total gross premium income written direct in that year.
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Rural Insurance Policies

• Acqua Culture insurance
• Cattle Insurance
• Failed well insurance
• Farmers’ Package Insurance
• Fish insurance
• Floriculture Insurance
• Lift irrigation/Sprinkler Insurance
• Plantation/Horticulture Insurance
• Poultry Insurance
• And many more….
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management
CLAIMS
INVES
T-
CLAI ARBIT SETTT
NOTIC IGATIO
M R- L- SALVAG RECOVE
E OF N&
FORM ATIO EMEN E RY
LOSS ASSES
S N T
S-
MENT
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management
GENERAL INSURANCE COUNCIL

• A self regulating organization and has setup its
Secretariat at Mumbai.
• It is expected that the Council will function as an
Industry Association, which will liaise with the
Government, IRDA and give the feedback of the
industry on various issues to the Regulator in
addition to addressing market conduct issues.
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management
DETARIFFING
• The price of an insurance product is linked to the scope of the cover.
• The tariff mechanism provides floor rates for various insurance
products based on estimates of average of all losses across insurance
companies, average administrative costs including commissions and
average expected profit.
• In India, the TAC established under the Insurance Act 1938 is vested
with the functions of administering the rates, terms, advantages and
conditions in the general insurance business which are under tariff.
• The major classes of general insurance business under tariff regime as
in 2006 before detariffing of the market were Fire, Petrochemicals,
Engineering and Motor.
• To ensure that the rates are fixed appropriately and equitably keeping
in mind the interests of both insurers and policyholders through a
scientific method of rating.
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REASONS FOR TRANSITION TO

DETARIFF REGIME
• Pursuant to liberalization and the entry of private insurers, the
motor underwriting scenario changed drastically.
• The awareness among customers in the wake of liberalization
also resulted in a movement towards risk based rating rather
than a rigid tariff structure.
• The Authority has accordingly considered moving to a tariff
free regime in a phased manner. To begin with, by notification
dated 31.10.2002, it constituted a Committee under the
Chairmanship of Justice T.N.C. Rangarajan to examine the
various aspects of motor underwriting including de-tariffing
and pooling arrangements.
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management
ADVANTAGES OF DETARIFFING
• Competition will improve efficiency.

• Efficiency will lead to reduction of premia and benefit
policyholders
• It is part of the reforms towards liberalized economy
• The fears apprehended are:
• De-tarriffing may make insurance unavailable at reasonable
premia
• Companies may form cartels and jack up the premia
• Free market may lead to insolvency of companies and loss of
protection for policyholders.
Mapping Categories Of Products With Customer
Segments In ICICI Lombard
Customer Personal Business NRI Rural
segments Segment Segment Segment
Segment
• Health • Fire • Health • Health

• Home • Marine • Parent’s • Home
Categories • Overseas • Industrial overseas • Tractor
of travel plan policy travel • Weather
Products • Student • Corporate • Student • Shop
medical medical
insurance
• Travel • Home
• Liability
insurance • Credit
• Car
partners
• Shop
B.K. School of business management
59
Mapping Categories Of Products With
Customer Segments In New India Assurance
Customer Personal Business Industrial Liability Social
segments
•Accident • Jewellers • Fire •Public •Rural

•House • Shop • Machine liability policy •Student
holders breakdown •Products safety
• Marine
•Motor • Burglary •Directors •Women
Categories • Aviation
of policy • Electronic & Officers welfare
Products •Money equipment •Employers‘ •Child
insurance welfare
•Road
Safety
•TV/VCR/V
CP
•Mobile
60
Mapping Categories Of Products With Customer
Segments In Reliance General Insurance
Customer Personal Business SME
segments
• Health • Fire • Property

• Motor • Engineering • Fire
• Home • Package
Categories of • Travel • Marine • Marine
Products
• Accident • Liability • Health
cover
• Claim status
61
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Sales And Distribution Channels

• Retail
 Direct
 Indirect
 Brokers
 Agents
• Bancassurance
• Telesales
• Online
Distribution channel of companies
Customer Personal Business NRI Rural SME Industrial Social
segments
Retail Retail Retail
Telesales Telesales Telesales Retail
ICICI Online Online Online
Lombard Bank bank Bank Bank
Retail Retail Retail Retail

Telesales Telesales Telesales Telesales
New India Online Online Online Online
Assurance Bank Bank Bank Bank
Retail Retail Retail

Reliance Telesales Telesales Telesales
General Online Online Online
Insurance Bank Bank Bank
63
64
Documents required In ICICI general insurance management
Customer Personal Business NRI Rural

segments
• Health • Fire • Student • Health

•
• Age proof
Medical checkup
•Address proof
• Market value
medical •Age proof
•Medical checkup after
after age of 45 •Value of jewelry and •No document age of 45
Document furniture
• Home
for Home
•Market value •Market value
Products • Home •Copy of registry •Copy of registry
•
• Market value
Copy of registry • Marine •Car •Value of accessories
• Value of • Receipt •Registration •Tractor

accessories •Bill of lading certificate •Registration
•builty • Market value certificate
•Old insurance • Market value
•Old insurance
65
Documents required In Reliance General B.K. School of business
Insurance
management
Customer Personal Business/ SME

segments
industrial/
liability
•Motor
Two/ four wheeler • Fire
RC  Proposal •Group insurance
Old insurance (if available)  Address proof No. of workers
 photograph of vehicle
Document s’  Last insurance policy
 Jewelery number
Proof of employment
required Health insurance
 Age proof • Marine
Medical certificate Builty
Residence proof
Bill of lading
Photograph
Receipt
Home insurance
List of accessiors
Copy of registry
66
Documents required In New India Assurance management
Customer Personal Business/ Rural

segments
industrial/
liability
•Motor
Two/ four wheeler • Fire •Kisan Policy
RC  Proposal
Old insurance (if available)  Address proof
Residence proof
 photograph of vehicle inspection
Document s’  Last insurance policy
 Jewelery number
required Health insurance
 Age proof • Marine
Medical certificate Builty
Residence proof
Bill of lading
Photograph
Receipt
Home insurance
List of accessiors
Copy of registry
67

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Presented By

GENERAL Nivya Thankappan (1969)

INSURANCE Dushyant Panchal (1970)

B.K. School of business

▫ DEFINITION: Insurance in broad terms may be

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

THEORY & PRACTICE OF RATING

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

PAST LOSS EXPERIENCE

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

BRIEF HISTORY OF INSURANCE SECTOR

• The insurance sector in India has completed all the

IMPORTANT MILESTONES B.K. School of business

• The Indian Insurance Companies Act

• General Insurance Business (Nationalisation)

• TAC confirmed withdrawal of tariffs effective

B.K. School of business

LIST OF GENERAL INSURERS

• 1. Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Co. Ltd.

B.K. School of business

• 10. United India Insurance Co. Ltd.

B.K. School of business

Scope of general insurance

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

• MARINE PERILS : are the perils associated with rivers,

• EXTRANEOUS PERILS: means not relevant.

• Loss due to WAR, STRIKES and CIVIL COMMOTIONS

• The consequences of these perils may result in total

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

• Individual Mediclaim : The simplest form of

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

Electronic equipments policy

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

Contractors’ all risk (car)

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

Contractor plant & machinery (cpm)

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

B.K. School of business

Obligation –Rural Sector

B.K. School of business