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` Electrical power to be transmitted or distributed either by means of ×



or by  
 .

` |he under ground cables are rarely used for power transmission due to two reasons
1. Power is generally transmitted over long distances to load centers.
2. Electrical power has to be transmitted at high voltages for economical reasons.

|he Overhead line consists of the following accessories to carry the power as follows:
1. Conductors which carry electrical power.

2. |owers or poles used to supports the conductors at a suitable level above the ground .

3. Insulators which attached to support and provide the insulation from the ground .

4. Cross arm which provide support to insulator .

ë n overhead power line Conductors need supports to carry the power from one place to
another.

ë |he Line support has to perform the following functions:

|o keep proper spacing between the conductors.

|o keep the conductor at prescribed distance from its ground parts.
|o maintain the specific ground clearance.

|he choice of a type of support depends on the territory to be crossed and the
size of conductors and equipment to be carried. vailability and economy, as
well as atmospheric elements determine the choice of material.

ë |he line supports may be towers, poles or other structures and are made of the
following materials such as,

Wood (as grown or laminated)

Steel (either lattice structures or tubular poles)

Reinforced or Pre-stressed Concrete

luminum

Reinforced plastics
a 
  
  

D igh mechanical strength to withstand weight of conductors and wind loads.

D Light in weight without the loss of mechanical strength.

D Cheap in cost

D Economical to maintain

D Longer life

D Easy accessibility of conductors for maintenance

 º a 
D |hese poles are suitable for lines where spans are short and

tensions are low.

D |hey have the limitations of height and tower.

D |hese are made of seasoned wood.

D |hey suitable for shorter span line (upto 50 m)

D Cheap, easily available. So used for distribution in rural

areas.

D Provide insulation properties which therefore causes less

flashover due to lightning.

D
ouble pole structure of A or Htype are often used.

type 230 KV wood transmission line

D type 230 KV wood

transmission line

 type 138KV wooden towers

 

º a 
ü |hey posses less mechanical strength and durability.

ü |endency to rot below ground.

ü Level (impregnated preservative compounds like Creosote Oil is used)

ü Smaller life (20-25 yrs)

ü Cannot be used for voltage higher less than 20 kV.

ü Require periodical inspection.

 ÿ 
D |hese poles are used as substitute for wooden
poles.
D Posses greater mechanical strength,
D longer life and permit longer spans to be
D used.
D sed for sub transmission and distribution purpose
in the populous areas .
D Should be galvanized or painted for long life (to
avoid corrosion)


D Rail poles
D |ubular poles
D Rolled steel joints
D Since high voltage and extra high voltage
require
D large air and ground clearances
D Large mechanical loading
D Insulation cost is considerable
D Steel towers are developed for such lines
where long spans are essential.
D |hese towers are either made of steel or
aluminium.
Steel |owers are classified as,

a. Self supporting towers

b. Guyed towers
Some typical Guyed |owers
|ypical 500kv ü 800kv towers
D 

 


  
D |hese are the popular line supports in
D recent age. Because
D Greater mechanical strength
D longer life
D Permit longer spans than steel poles.
D Good outlook and less maintenance.
D Good insulating properties.
D Can withstand most severe climatic
conditions.

D  


D igh cost of transport because of its heavy

weight.So manufactured at the site itself.
    

|he transmission line area is composed of the 

  and of



  on both sides of the right-of-way.
|he height of trees in the border zones is restricted so that a potentially falling
tree does not reach the conductor.

|he width of the transmission line area varies depending on    
  
|he width of the area with restricted building also varies depending on  
  
Guyed |owers