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Momentum

What is momentum??
• Momentum is defined as the product of mass
and velocity.

Unit: kgms-1
Type of quantity:
Vector
Example 1

• A student releases a ball with mass


of 2 kg from a height of 5 m from the
ground. What would be the
momentum of the ball just before it
hits the ground?
Answer
• It's given that the mass, m = 2kg.
• This is a free falling motion,
The initial velocity, u = 0
The acceleration, a = gravirational
acceleration, g = 10ms-2
The dispacement, s = high = 5m.
The final velocity = ?
• v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = (0)2 + 2(10)(5)
v = 10ms-1

• The momentum,
p = mv =(2)(10) = 20 kgms-1
Principle of Conservation of Momentum

• The principle of conservation of momentum


states that in a system make out of objects
that react (collide or explode), the total
momentum is constant if no external force is
acted upon the system.

Sum of Momentum Before Reaction


= Sum of Momentum After Reaction
Formula
Example 2
• A Car A of mass 600 kg moving at 40 ms-1
collides with a car B of mass 800 kg
moving at 20 ms-1 in the same direction.
If car B moves forwards at 30 ms-1 by the
impact, what is the velocity, v, of the car
A immediately after the crash?
Answer
• m1 = 600kg m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
m2 = 800kg
u1 = 40 ms-1 (600)(40) + (800)(20) =
u2 = 20 ms-1 (600)v1 + (800)(30)
v1 = ? 40000 = 600v1 + 24000
v2 = 30 ms-1 600v1 = 16000

v1 = 26.67 ms-1
Example 3
• A 0.50kg ball travelling at 6.0 ms-1 collides
head-on with a 1.0 kg ball moving in the
opposite direction at a speed of 12.0 ms-1.
The 0.50kg ball moves backward at 14.0
ms-1 after the collision. Find the velocity
of the second ball after collision.
Answer
• m1 = 0.5 kg m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
m2 = 1.0 kg
(0.5)(6) + (1.0)(-12) =
u1 = 6.0 ms-1
(0.5)(-14) + (1.0)v2
u2 = -12.0 ms-1
v1 = -14.0 ms-1 -9 = - 7 + 1v2
v2 = ?
v2 = -2 ms-1
(IMPORTANT: velocity is negative when the object
move in opposite direction)

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