PRESENTED BY:- SHAHAB REZAEE.

SHAHROZ ALI.
SIDDIQ AHMAD.
TALHA YOUSUF.
TOUSIF ALAM KHAN.
Poverty, condition of having insufficient resources or
income. In its most extreme form, poverty is a lack of
basic human needs, such as adequate and nutritious
food, clothing, housing, clean water, and health
services. Extreme poverty can cause terrible suffering
and death, and even modest levels of poverty can
prevent people from realizing many of their desires.
CAUSES
Over population.
Global distribution of resources.
High standard of living and cost of living.
Inadequate education and employment.
Enviromental Degratation.
Individual responsibility and welfare dependency.
Brain drain
EFFECTS
Malnutrition and Starvation.
Infectious disease and exposure to the elements.
Mental illness and drugs dependence.
Crime and violence.
Long term effects.
General
One fifth of the world’s people live on less than $ 1 a
day, and 44% of them are in South Asia
26 percent of India is below the poverty line
This is happening in mainly in rural areas of India
Poverty in the States of India
One half of India’s poor is located the three states of
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra, West Bengal and Orissa account for
22.5% of poverty
According to NCAER, human
development index-

In the recent review we have found that gujarat is

having more poverty than uttar pradesh and orissa,
because of uneven wealth distribution among the
total population.The gap between the rich and the
poor is very high.
Population growth is slowing
% average annual growth
year percentage
1901 – 1950 1.0
1951 – 1980 2.2
1981 – 1990 2.1
1991 – 2000 1.8
2001 – 2010 1.5
Literacy is rising
%
1950 17
1990 52
2000 65
2010 (proj) 80
Trends in Poverty (%): India
Year Rural Urban Total

1973-74 56 49 55

1983 46 41 45

1993-94 37 32 36

2009-10 28 26 28
Number of poor (in million)
Year Number (million)

1973-74 321

1983 323

1993-94 320

2009-10 302
Employment - %
Sector 1961 2009-10

Agriculture 75.9 56.4

Industry 10.6 18.2

Tertiary 12.4 25.4

Total 100.0 100.0

Why is this Happening
Even though India’s economy is growing there wealth
distribution is uneven
1/4 of the nation's population earns less than the
government-specified $0.40/day
Unemployment and underemployment
Over-reliance on agriculture
High population growth rate
Problems in Employment
There are 458 million workers in India in 2009-10
Out of this 423 million workers are
informal/unorganised workers (92%).
Growth in employment more in unorganised
sector.
Thus, quality of employment is a problem
Workers in this sector do not have social security.
Government is trying to provide minimum social
security to unorganized workers
Deficits in Agriculture Growth

(a) land and water management deficit

(b) investment, credit and Infrastructure deficit,

(c) research and extension (technology) deficit,

(d)market deficit,
(e) institutions deficit,
(f) education/skill deficit
Social Development
In social sector, significant achievements in education
and health
However, Human development index rank is 127 out
of 170 countries.
Social indicators are much lower for Scheduled castes
and Scheduled tribes
Malnutrition among children is one major problem
(46% of children suffer from malnutrition
Policies for Poverty Alleviation
India adopted two pronged approach
-- Growth approach: all three sectors contribute
agriculture, industry and services
-- Direct approach : Safety nets or anti-poverty prog.
-- Self employment progra. (women’s groups), wage
employment progra, food subsidies, nutrition
programmes for children, old age and maternity
benefits
-- Public Distribution System – Subsidized food
-- National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(NREGS) – Giving 100 days of wage employment to
the poor
Positive Things Happening in India:
Middle Class
Currently India adds 40 million people to its middle
class every year
estimated 300 million Indians now belong to the
middle class
one-third of them have emerged from poverty in the
last ten years
It is predicted that by 2025 the Majority of Indians
will live in middle class
What Should be done to improve inclusive
growth?
Equity is important for economic development
Agricultural Development
Economic reforms are important. But macro-poor
policies (fiscal, trade, financial, monetary etc.)
should have pro-poor focus
Structural change should have followed
agriculture-industry-services sequence
Development of manufacturing sector is
important for creation of productive employment
Equality of opportunities (education)
South East Asian and East Asian experience
THANK YOU