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Welcome !!
Instructions on use What is Neonatal Sepsis?
of Tutorial:
Objectives
Instructions Causes
Symptoms
To start Tutorial:
Diagnosis
tutorial Treatments
Summary
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Tutorial Objectives
Completing this tutorial will provide the learner with a better
understanding of Neonatal Sepsis:
* Pathology
* Causes
What will I learn? * Symptoms
* Diagnosis
* Treatments
What is Neonatal Sepsis?
Neonatal Sepsis is a term
used for a severe infection
in newly born infants.
Genetic predisposition
What makes a neonate’s immune
system immature?
Pathogen enters body Normally an immune system responds
to a pathogen in a specific manner, but
if there are problems with any element
Neutrophils move in the immune system is unable to
function properly [3&6].
Chemotaxis occurs
Opsonization causes
phagocytosis
Production [2&6].
Chemoattractants attract
neutrophils to the site of infection
[2&6].
Opsonization
Phagocytosis is the process of cells
(phagocytes) engulfing, ingesting, &
destroying pathogens [2&6].
Pathogen
Maturity
OR
Immaturity
You’re Right!!!!
Let’s look further into these two phases to see the effect
polymorphisms have on neonatal sepsis:
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Let’s look into two of these:
Tachypnea
Heart Rate Changes
Feeding difficulties
Jaundice
Irritability
Inflammation
Metabolism in Neonatal Sepsis
Sepsis can alter a neonate’s metabolism [11].
Ebb Phase
Flow Phase
Ebb Flow
This is the initial phase and last only 1-3 days. This is how a neonate’s body
initially tries to compensate for losses that occur during sepsis. The body
slows things down in order to let the body recover.
Hyper Phase
Flow Phase
Ebb Phase
This is not right!!
Wow! You’re so smart!!
The flow phase DOES put the neonate’s body into hyperdrive. This
phase leads to much of the mortality and morbidity in neonatal sepsis.
Not quite. Try again.
Inflammation in Neonatal Sepsis
It is widely known that sepsis occurs
because of an exaggerated
systemic inflammatory response (SIR) [12].
Inflammatory mediators
released (cytokines)
Injury to endothelium
[12]
Inflammation
Overall, the imbalance among inflammation, over coagulation, and
decreased fibrinolysis are the cause for the majority of deaths in
sepsis [12].
How is Neonatal Sepsis
Diagnosed?
There is no definite marker in neonatal sepsis, but there are
determinants of infection.
True
False
Yeah!!! You are correct!
Why????
2. Bellig, L.L. & Ohning, B.L. (2004). Neonatal Sepsis. Retrieved February 8, 2006, from
emedicine:http://wwwemedicine.com/ped/topic2630.htm
3. Dahmer, M.K., Randolph, A., Vitali, S., & Quasney, M.W. (2005). Genetic polymorphisms in sepsis. Pediatric Critical
Care Medicine, 6(3), 61-73. Retrieved February 23, 2006 from PubMed database.
4. Farlex Inc. (n.d.). The Free Dictionary. Retrieved March 30, 2006, from www.thefreedictionary.com
5. LaRosa, S.P. (2002). Sepsis. Retrieved February 14,2006, from The Cleveland ClinicWebsite:
http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/diseasemanagement/infectiousdisease/sepsis.htm
6. McKenney, W.M. (2001). Neonatal nursing: Understanding the neonatal immune system: High risk for infection.
Crtitical Care Nurse, 21(6), 35-58. Retrieved February 14, 2006, from ProQuest database.
7. Microsoft Corp. (2006). Microsoft Clip Art. Retrieved March 30, 2006, from www.microsoftclipart.com
8. Mrozek, J.D., Georgieff, M.K., Blazer, B.R., Mammel, M.C., & Schwarzenburg, S.J. (2000). Effect of sepsis
syndrome on neonatal protein and energy metabolism. [Electronic version] Journal of Perinatology, 2, 96-100.
References
9. Neonatal Handbook:Sepsis. (n.d.). Retrieved February 14, 2006, from
http://www.netsvic.org.au/nets/handbook/index.cfm?doc_id=898
10. Oostdyk, R. (2005). “Neutrophil”. [Online image]. Retrieved April 20, 2006, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Segmented_neutrophils.jpg
11. Orr, P.A., Case, K.O., & Stevenson, J.J. (2002). Metabolic response and parenteral nutrition in trauma sepsis and
burns. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 25(1), 45-53. Retrieved March 7, 2006 from Ovid database.
12. Sharma, S. & Mink, S. (2004). Septic shock. Retrieved February 14, 2006, from emedicine:
http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic2101.htm
13. St. Elizabeth Hospital. (n.d.). “The newborn center at St. Elizabeth’s”. [Online image]. Retrieved March 22, 2006
from www.steliz.org/newborn_center.htm
14. Villar, J., Maca-Meyer, N., Perez-Mendez, L., & Flores, C. (2204). Bench to bedside review: Understanding genetic
predisposition to sepsis. Critical Care, 8(3), 180-189. Retrieved February 23, 2006, from PubMed
database.
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