What is it?

Where does it come from?

Why is it used?
How can we prevent it?
What do we fear about Terrorism?
 Definition of Terrorism
 Terrorism actually comes from the Latin
Word “Fear”
 “The Unlawful Use of Force Against
Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce
a Government, the Civilian Population, or
Segment Thereof, in the Furtherance of
Political or Social Objectives.”(Source FBI)
FALLOUT SHELTER
Terrorism

 Is an unlawful act of violence

 Intimidates governments or societies

 Goal is to achieve political, religious or

ideological objectives

Arthur H. Garrison
“…warfare seeks to conquer territories
and capture cities;

terrorism seeks to hurt a few people and

to scare a lot of people in order to make
a point” NYTimes, 1/6/2000

“Putting the horror in the minds of the

audience, and not necessarily on the screen”
 Terrorism Priorities

Today
Biological
Conventional Weapons
Dirty Bombs

1
Property of Terrorism

 Terrorism is different from regular crime

because of its strong political properties
 The definition of terrorism can vary from
people to people due to the differences in
standpoint
 One person’s terrorist can be another’s
fighter
The Terrorist
and their
Thinking

1
Fear always springs from ignorance.
Emerson, 1837
 Modern History of Terrorism
 Terrorism is Asymmetric Warfare.
 Asymmetric warfare is the use of apparently

random/unpredictable violence by an weak

military against a stronger military to gain
advantage. (Allen, 1997).
 The key of Asymmetric warfare is using

unexpected, unconventional tactics in combat

(Craig, 1998).

Arthur H. Garrison
 Terrorism conclusions
 Terrorism is an ancient tactic.
 Terrorism is a mode of communication.
 Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare.
 Terrorism is used in times of peace, conflicts and
war.
 Terrorism is designed to make a point, through
psychological means, fear.
 Terrorism is a political act.

Arthur H. Garrison
Two Types of
Groups
 Domestic/
National

 International

1
 Terrorist Motives
 Ethnic Cleansing
 Damage Infrastructure
 Disrupt Normal Life
 Direct Kill of an
Enemy

1
 Terrorist Motives
 Undermine Confidence In Government
- Requires Media Coverage
- Should effect as many people as possible
- Must last long enough to overwhelm (NYC)
Local resources
Media audience
- Usually directed towards injury fatality
(International Terrorist)

1
 Target Selection
Based on:

 Motive
 Type of Device Available
 Type of Deployment
Method Available

1
 Thinking Outside the Box

They ARE!!

2
Types of Terrorist Incidents
Four Primary Types for
Emergency Services

2
 Terrorist Incidents
 Explosives and Arson
 Nuclear Materials
 Biological Agents
 Chemical Agents

2
 Explosives and Arson
 70% of Attacks Worldwide
 Maximizes Property Damage
 Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs)
 Destroy Building, Aircraft, Monuments,
etc..
 Large Devices, Truck or Car Bombs

2
Suspicious Thing to Look for

2
Operational Procedures for
Terrorist Incidents

FACTORS FOR PREPARING

Common Weapons
Stand-off Weapons
Super Terrorism

2
 Operational Changes
 Emergency Services strategic thinker must
be willing to “think the unthinkable” so that
appropriate responses may be conceived.
 Do not overstate the threat.

2
 Terrorist Units and Cells:
Training A Functional Approach
• Recruitment
• Instructors
• Sites
• Equipment
Logistics
Funding
• Equipment &
• Sources: supplies
Operations
crime, harvesting • Other essentials • One-man
• Processing and • Sources • Team
management, • Multilateral/
•Nation States
Intelligence collaborative

• Supplied
• Gathered
• Internet/other
open source
• Information
and politics
2
 Government Response
Training to Terrorism:
• Recruitment A Functional Approach
• Instructors
• Sites
• Equipment
Logistics
Funding
• Equipment &
• Sources: supplies
Operations
•Federal, State and • Other essentials • One-man
•Local Taxes • Sources • Team
• Multilateral/
Intelligence collaborative

• Supplied
• Gathered
• Internet/other
open source
• Information
and politics
2
Terrorism and Weapons of
Mass Destruction

Terrorist Targets and their

Weapons
2
Biological terrorism
 Dispersal of microbes or their toxins to
produce illness, death and terror
 The paths of infection can be contaminated
water, food, air and packages.
 Microbes
 Bacteria
 Viruses
 Toxins

Phillip L. Coule, M.D. 30

Anatomy of a Bioterrorist Attack

Terrorism takes much

Preparation Time and planning
5 years

Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death

Multiple deaths
 Nuclear Terrorism

 Spreading of radioactive materials through

ventilation system or explosion
 Disable nuclear reactor cooling system and
cause leakage of radioactive materials
 Detonate a nuclear weapon
 No use of nuclear material for non-military
terrorism has ever occurred
 Common Weapons
 Fertilizer Bombs
 Dynamite
 Semtex
 Automatic and Semi-automatic and Pistols
remain the weapons of choice.

3
 Stand-Off Weapons
 American Stinger
 Russian SA-7 Hand-Held Anti-Aircraft
missiles
 US Army Light Anti-tank Weapon (LAW)
 Russian RPG-7 Anti-Tank Weapon
 And Increasing Bombing Technologies.

3
Where is Terrorism Going?

The CYBER
World

3
HE IS!!!!!!!!!

3
Prevention of Terrorism

 Primary prevention:
 Education!!!
 Understand the differences in cultures, religions,
beliefs and human behaviors
 Think of the peace, freedom and equality of all
human beings, not just “my group of people”
 Eliminate the root of terrorism
Prevention of Terrorism

 Secondary prevention:
 Establish surveillance and monitoring system on
terrorism attack
 Improve protective system for citizens
Prevention of Terrorism

 Tertiary prevention
 Early detection of the sources
 Prevent the extension of impairments
 Rescue the survivors
 Console the rest of the population
Conclusion
 Terrorism is unlawful act
 Terrorism has a long history of being used to
achieve political, religious and ideological objectives
 Terrorism can be conducted through firearms,
explosive devices and biological, chemical, nuclear
materials
 Even through the events of 2001,the risk of dying
from terrorism has remained much lower than that
from motor vehicles, smoking, and alcoholic
beverage.
 The only thing we
have to fear is
fear itself. FDR, 1933

Fears are educated into us & can,

if we wish, be educated out.