THE STRUCTURE OF MIND AND

IT’S FUNCTIONING

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL MODELS OF MIND DESIGNED FROM

THE ABHIDHAMMA AND THE SUTTAS
 NAMO TASSA BHAGAVATO
ARAHATO SAMMASAMBUDDHASSA

Honor To Him The Blessed One

The Worthy One
The Fully Enlightened One
THE MIND ACCORDING TO THE ABBHIDHAMMA AND
BUDDHIST PSYCHOLOGY

DESIGNED BY YOAV LEVIN

 The Abhidhammic Model of the Paramattha Dhammas
and the five Aggregates
Paramattha
Mental Phenomena Material Phenomena – Dharmas
Primary Division
Nama Rupa

Conditioned Un-Conditioned
Conditioned The four Parammattha
Dharmas – Secondary
Citta .A.E.M Cetassika Nirvana Rupa Division
Consciousness M Mental Factors
. E.
.A

There are four Contact/Feeling/Perception/o

Paramattha
.M

jatis: akusala/ ne – pointedness/ Psychic

.A.E

kusala/ vipaka/
kiriya
Life/Attention –all 89 Types of
Citta
Dharmas and
the Division
.A.E.M

into the five

Vinanna Vedana Sana Sankara Rupa Aggregates

Sensuous 54
Types
Mental Bodily The 28 Types of Rupa
Form 15 Eye Oran Material Life Principles Lightness Decay Cohesion
Pleasant Pleasant Delusion
Types of Ego is Ear Organ Bodily Intimation Plasticity Space Temperature
Formless 12 Un- to be
Types Indifferent found Nose Organ Speech Intimation Adaptability .Male Ch Motion
pleasant
here
Supramundane Body Organ Impermanence Gravity .Female Ch Color Taste
8 Types Indifferent
Heart Base Tongue Organ Continuity Solidity Smell Nutriment

Types of Consciousness 89 Sometimes considered as 121 Types

of Consciousness
 The Mind’s Structure

The Mind
Mind Objects

CETASIKAS – Mental
Factors (different
Types of Awareness) Cog
d niti
en gage vely
vely en
Co gniti gag
ed

Arising in Pairs
Cognizable Cognizable
Object Clarity Objects

cogn s
izes o gnize
C
CITTAS -
Consciousnesses

Objects which are not

Mind Objects
 The Consciousness– Mental Factors Relationship and Functioning
Works in
- Parallel
Share the same Object several
cetasikas
(at least
Cittas - Consciousness Cetasikas – Mental Factors seven)
arising
together
Arises with every Citta with the
Works in Only cognizing an Object Only specifies certain function citta and
Serial through the Six Cittas and quality falling
away
-there is contact (phassa) 2. feeling (vedana) 3. perception (sanna) .1
only one Does not arise with 4. volition or intention (cetana) 5. one-pointedness (ekaggata 6.
citta at a every Citta
phychic-life (jivitindriya) 7. attention (manasikara) Universals
time
Associate with only
particular types of initial application (vitakka) 2. sustained application (vicara) .1
consciousness 3. determination (adhimokkha) 4. effort (viriya)
5. interest (piti) 6. desire-to-do (chanda) Particular
ignorance (moha) 2. lack of moral shame (ahirika) 3. lack of fear of unwholesomeness .1
(anotthappa) 4. restlessness (uddhacca) 5. attachment (lobbha) 6. wrong view (ditthi) 7.
Unwholesome conceit (mana) 8. aversion (dosa) 9. envy (issa) 10. stinginess (macchriya) 11. regret
Unwholesome
(kukkucca) 12. sloth (thina) 13. torpor (middha)
14. doubt (vicikiccha)

confidence (saddha) 2. mindfulness (sati) 3. moral shame (hiri) 4. fear of unwholesomeness (ottappa) .1
5. disinterestedness (alobha) 6. amity (adosa) 7. equanimity (tatramajjhattata)
Wholesome 8. composure of mental states (kayapassadhi) 9. composure of mind (cittapassanhi)
10. lightness of mental states (kaya-lahuta) 11. lightness of mind (citta-lahuta) Wholesome
12. pliancy of mental states (kaya-muduta) 13. pliancy of mind (citta-muduta)
14. adaptability of mental states (kaya-kammannata) 15. adaptability of mind (citta-kammannuata) 16.
proficiency of mental states (kaya-pagunnata)
17. proficiency of mind (citta-pagunnata) 18. rectitude of mental states (kaya-ujukata)
Vipaka 19. rectitude of mind (citta-ujukata).
 There are the 3 abstinences (virati cetasikas):
20. right speech (samma vaca) 21. right action (samma kammanta) 22. right livelihood (samma ajiva)

compassion (karuna) .23

Their objects are without
Kiriya limit
.24. sympathetic joy (mudita) Illimitable
Wisdom: when Volition from the universal Cetasikas was
Types of Consciousness (see next Page) 89 transformed into Wisdom we reach Nirvana which is the fourth Wisdom
Paramattha Dharma
 The List of the 89 Cittas -
89 types of consciousness
The sensuous Sphere
types of unwholesome consciousness 12
• a.) cittas rooted in attachment (i.e. with their base or
foundation in attachment):
1. citta, unprompted connected with wrong view
accompanied by pleasant feeling.
2. Citta, prompted connected with wrong view accompanied
by pleasant feeling.
3. Citta, unprompted not connected with wrong view
accompanied by pleasant feeling.
4. Citta, prompted not connected with wrong view
accompanied by pleasant feeling.
5. Citta, unprompted connected with wrong view
accompanied by indifferent feeling.
6. Citta, prompted connected with wrong view accompanied
by indifferent feeling.
7. Citta, unprompted not connected with wrong view
accompanied by indifferent feeling.
8. Citta, prompted not connected with wrong view
accompanied by indifferent feeling.
• b.) cittas rooted in ill – will or aversion:
9. Citta, unprompted  accompanied by unpleasant feeling,
connected with ill-will.
10. Citta, prompted accompanied by unpleasant feeling,
connected with ill-will.
• c.) cittas rooted in delusion or ignorance:
11. citta, connected with doubt accompanied by indifferent
feeling.
12. Citta, connected with restlessness accompanied by
indifferent feeling.
types of beautiful (sobhana) cittas 24
a.) cittas which are wholesome consciousness (kusala):
1. citta, unprompted associated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
2. citta, prompted associated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
3. citta, unprompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
4. citta, prompted associated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
5. citta, unprompted associated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
6. citta, prompted associated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
7. citta, unprompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
8. citta, prompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
b.) cittas which are wholesome result (kusala vipaka):
9. citta, unprompted associated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
10. citta, prompted associated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
11. citta, unprompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
12.citta, prompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
13. citta, unprompted associated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
14. citta, prompted associated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
15. citta, unprompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
16. citta, prompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
c.) citas which are neutral (kiriya):
17. citta, unprompted associated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
18. citta, prompted associated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
19. citta, unprompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
20. citta, prompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by pleasant feeling.
21. citta, unprompted associated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
22. citta, prompted associated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
23. citta, unprompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
24. citta, prompted dissociated with wisdom accompanied by indifferent feeling.
 Rootless consciousness

18 Types rootless consciousness

• a.) cittas which are unwholesome results:
1. body-consciousness accompanied by unpleasant feeling.
2. Ear-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
3. nose-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
4. tongue-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
5. eye-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
6. receiving-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
7. investigation-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
• b.) cittas which are wholesome results:
8. body-consciousness accompanied by pleasant feeling.
9. Ear-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
10. nose-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
11. tongue-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
12. eye-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
13. receiving-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
14. investigation-consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
15. investigation-consciousness accompanied by pleasant feeling.
• c.) functional (kiriya) cittas:
16. five sense-door adverting consciousness accompanied by indifferent feeling.
17. mind-door adverting consciousness accompanied by pleasant feeling.
18. Smile-producing consciousness (of an arahant) accompanied by pleasant feeling.
 Form Sphere Consciousness (Rupavacara Citta) of the
Meditative Absorptions

There are 15 types of form sphere consciousness (rupavacara citta) of the meditative absorptions:-
• a.) cittas which are wholesome consciousness:
1. first jhana citta with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness and one-pointedness.
2. Second jhana citta with sustained application, joy, happiness and one-pointedness.
3. Third jhana citta with joy, happiness and one- pointedness.
4. Fourth jhana citta with happiness and one-pointedness.
5. Fifth jhana citta with equanimity and one-pointedness.
• b.) cittas which are resultant consciousness:
6.  first jhana  resultant citta with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness and one-
pointedness.
7. Second jhana resultant citta with sustained application, joy, happiness and one-pointedness.
8. Third jhana resultant citta with joy, happiness and one- pointedness.
9. Fourth jhana resultant citta with happiness and one-pointedness.
10. Fifth jhana resultant citta with equanimity and one-pointedness.
• c.) cittas which are neutral (kiriya) consciousness:
11. first jhana kiriya citta with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness and one-pointedness.
12. Second jhana kiriya citta with sustained application, joy, happiness and one-pointedness.
13. Third jhana kiriya citta with joy, happiness and one- pointedness.
14. Fourth jhana kiriya citta with happiness and one-pointedness.
15. Fifth jhana kiriya citta with equanimity and one-pointedness.
 Formless Sphere Consciousness (Arupavacara Citta)
of the Higher Meditative Absorptions

• There are 12 types of formless sphere consciousness (arupavacara citta) of the higher meditative
absorptions:-
• a.) cittas which are wholesome consciousness:
1. jhana citta dwelling on the ‘Infinity of Space’.
2. Jhana citta dwelling on the ‘infinity of Consciousness’.
3. Jhana citta dwelling on ‘Nothingness’.
4. Jhana citta dwelling on ‘Neither Perception nor non-perception’.
• b.) cittas which are resultant consciousness:
5.  resultant jhana citta dwelling on the ‘Infinity of Space’.
6.  Resultant jhana citta dwelling on the ‘infinity of Consciousness’.
7. Resultant jhana citta dwelling on ‘Nothingness’.
8. Resultant jhana citta dwelling on ‘Neither Perception nor non-perception’.
• c.) cittas which are functional (kiriya) consciousness:
9. kiriya jhana citta dwelling on the ‘Infinity of Space’.
10. Kiriya jhana citta dwelling on the ‘infinity of Consciousness’.
11. Kiriya jhana citta dwelling on ‘Nothingness’.
12. Kiriya jhana citta dwelling on ‘Neither Perception nor non-perception’.
 
 .Supramundane Consciousness (lokuttara citta)

There are 8 types of supramundane consciousness (lokuttara citta).  These are the
cittas of one who is experiencing the unconditioned reality, nibbana
• a.) cittas which are supramundane path consciousness (maggacitta):
1. sotapanna path consciousness.
2. sakadagami path consciousness.
3. anagami path consciousness.
4. arahatta path consciousness.
• b.) cittas which are resultant supramundane consciousness (phalacitta):
5. sotapanna fruit consciousness.
6. sakadagami fruit consciousness.
7. anagami fruit consciousness.
8. arahatta fruit consciousness.
 ABHIDHAMMA AND NEUROSCIENCE
The Link of Contact
in Paticca
Samupadda

Mental
Mental Factors Addressing Mental Factors
Factors
th
wi
d
age The Amygdala: a
ng Storehouse for negative
y e Amygdala e d with emotional Memories, acts
el nga Amygdala
tiv
as a Repository for our
i ve ly e Repertoire of negative
o gn Co gniti Emotional Habits,
C
including our Schemas
Occur in Pair

Occur in Pair
Co
Object Brain’s Function

gn
ize
in Terms of

s
Neuroscience

Co Thalamus
g ni Thalamus The Thalamus: a Relay
Station that translates raw
Raw physical ze Physical Waves into the
Waves s language of the Brain

Consciousnes
s Citta Next bit
Citta
 ABHIDHAMMA, PATICCA SAMUPADDA AND Ignorance AVIJA

NEUROSCIENCE Volitional Fabrications - SANKHARA

Eye Consciousness Ear Consciousness Nose Consciousness Tongue Consciousness Body Consciousness Mind Consciousness CITTA or re-
linking
Consciousness
cognizes the
objects

Eye Object Ear Object Nose Object Tongue Object Body Object Mind Object

Name and
Form
THALAMUS

Form
AMYGDALA Six Sense
Base
Name
Mental Factors
engaged with
objects
Contact and Contact and other
Contact and Feeling Contact and Volition CETASIKAS
Perception
Contact
Contact and
Attention

Brain’s Functioning in Unwise Wise

Terms of Neuroscience

Craving No Craving
CITTA and CETASIKAS
Clinging No Clinging are arising in Pairs,
while everything is
Becoming No Becoming arising simultaneously

Birth No Birth
No Aging and
Aging and Death
Death
ABHIDHAMMA, PATICCA SAMUPADDA AND NEUROSCIENCE:THE
”LINK OF “CONTACT

Eye Object Ear Object Nose Object Tongue Object Body Object Mind Object

Contact and Contact and

Contact and Feeling Contact and Volition Attention
Perception
Contact and other
CETASIKAS

Arises Simultaneously
ABHIDHAMMA, PATICCA SAMUPADDA AND NEUROSCIENCE:THE
LINKS OF “NAME AND FORM” AND THE SIX-SENSE-BASE
Six Sense
Base

Eye Object Ear Object Nose Object Tongue Object Body Object Mind Object

Form

Name and
Form

Name

Contact and Contact and

Contact and Feeling Contact and Volition Attention
Perception

Contact and other

CETASIKAS

Arises Simultaneously
The Adjustment Between Paticca Samupadda and Cognitive Neuroscience

Scientific” Paticca Samupadda“

Paticca Samupadda

Ignorance

Volitional/Karmic Formation

Re-Linking Consciousness
Sensation

Mind and Mater

Cognition
Six Sense Base
Thinking
Contact

Feeling
Feeling )Contact and( Perception )Contact and( Volition )Contact and(

Craving

Clinging

Becoming

Birth

Old Age, Sickness and Death

Arises Arises
Simultaneously Simultaneously
 The Anatomy of destructive Emotions: Aversion and Wisdom.
Insight and
Anger hapiness

o
st
ad
Le

Mental Aversion in Form of

Aversion in Form of Wise Attention ,
Anger accompanied by Addressing Mindfulness and
Factors unhappy Feeling
Anger accompanied by
unhappy Feeling
Addressing other wholesome
Cetasikas

Cognizes
Cetasikas
ing

g
ss

s sin
dre

dre g
Ad ssin
Ad

re
Add

Occur in Pair with Cetasikas

Occur in Pair with Cetasikas
Unpleasant
Co

Cog
Object
gni

n
zes

izes
Occur in Pair with

Citta
Co
gni
ze

bit
s

xt
Ne
Consciousnes
s Citta Next bit
Citta Next bit
Citta
 The Anatomy of destructive Emotions: Aversion and Wisdom.
Insight and
Anxiety Disorder hapiness

o
st
ad
Le

Mental Aversion and Wise Attention ,

Addressing Aversion and Fear of Mindfulness and
Factors Fear Fear
Addressing other wholesome
Cetasikas

Cognizes
ing

Cetasika

g
ss

s sin
dre

dre g
Ad ssin
Ad

re
Add

Occur in Pair with Cetasikas

Occur in Pair qith Cetasika
Unpleasant
Co

Cog
Object
gni

n
zes

izes
Occur in Pars with

Citta
Co
gni
ze

bit
s

xt
Ne
Consciousnes
s Citta Next bit
Citta Next bit
Citta
 The Anatomy of destructive Emotions: Aversion –
Anxiety and OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Attachment and
Addressing
Mental Aversion and
Adoption of unwise
Strategy
Addressing Aversion and Fear of
Factors Fear Fear
ing

Leads to
g
ss

sin ing
s e ss
dre

dre d r
Ad Ad
Ad

sikas
h Ceta
it
Obsessive

Pair w
Unpleasant Compulsive
Co

Cog
Rituals and
Object
gni

eventually

n
zes

in
izes
to

Occur
Depression
Co
gni
ze
s

Consciousnes
s Citta Next bit
Citta Next bit
Citta Next bit
Citta
 MIND MODEL
ACCORDING TO SUTTAS
DESIGNED BY DR. PIYAL WALPOLA