LONG PRODUCT GROUP

PRESENTS
A KNOWLEDGE PAPER ON
ANTIFRICTION
BEARINGS
WHY A
BEARING
?
 Itbears load during
transmission of power through
shaft and housing.

 Itlocates different parts

accurately in position with
respect to each other
during operation.
 CLASSIFICATION OF BEARINGS

SLIDING TYPE ROLLING TYPE

BALL BEARING ROLLER BEARING

RADIAL THRUST
 Rolling contact bearings

The rolling bearings operate on the basis of rolling friction.

Rolling bearings consist of the following main components

--- Inner ring

--- Outer ring
--- cage
--- Rolling element

If rolling element is ball then the bearing is called---BALL BEARING and if it is

roller then it is called ROLLER BEARING.
 LET’S HAVE A LOOK
ON FEW
ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS
Basic Designation of Antifriction Bearings

Normally standard bearings are

designated by five figures

Last two digits x 5 = I.D.

TYPE WIDTH O.D.

 I. D. CALCULATION

Some exceptional cases

1. If last two digits are then I.D. (m m)

00 10
01 12
02 15
03 17

From 04 to 99 if multiplied by 5 gives I.D.

 I. D. CALCULATION
2. If I. D. < 10 mm or > 500 mm then it is
directly given as follows :
618/8 I. D.= 8 mm
511/530 I. D. = 530 mm
3. Suppose : Bearing bore is like 22, 28, or 32mm
then it is also mentioned in designation as under:
322/28 here d = 28mm
4. A nonstandard bore diameter is always expressed
in millimetres to a maximum of three decimal places.
e.g. 6202/15.875 (d = 15.875 mm)
5. Some special Bearings are designated by their
drawing numbers. e.g. R315642 L315642
 ISO NUMBERING SYSTEM
Bearing Type WIDTH SERIES

1st Digit Bearing 3 2 1 0

Double row Angular 32- -(032- -)

0
contact ball bearing , 33 - -(033- -)
Double Row Self aligned 22 - (122 - -) 12- -(102- -)
1
ball bearing 23 - (123 - -) 13- -(103--)

230 - -
Spherical roller / roller 222 - - 202- -
2 231 - - 213- -
thrust brg. 223 - - 203- -
232 - -

330 - - 320 - -
313-- 302- -
3 Taper roller bearing 331 - - 321 - -
303- -
332 - - 322 - -
Deep groove ball 42 - (422 - -)
4
bearing, double row 43 - (423 - -)
 ISO NUMBERING SYSTEM
Bearing Type WIDTH SERIES
1st Digit Bearing 3 2 1 0
522 - - 511 - -
5 Thrust ball bearing
523 - - 512 - -
60 - -(610 - -) 60 - -(600 - -)
Deep groove ball brg., single 622 - -
6 618 - - 62 - -(602 - -)
row 623 - -
619 - - 63 - -(603 - -)
70 - -(710 - -)
Angular contact ball bearing, 72 - -(702 - -)
7 718 - -
single row 73 - -(703 - -)
719 - -
811 - -
8 Cylindrical roller thrust brg.
812 - -
N22 - - N2 - -(N02 - -)
N Cylindrical / Needle roller brg. N10 - -
N23 - - N3 - -(N03 - -)
Cylindrical roller brg. Double NN39
NN NN10 - - NN30 - -
row - -
Four point contact ball
QJ QJ QJ2 -(QJ02 - )
bearing
 SUPPLEMENTARY DESIGNATION

FREEDOM FIGHTER PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU FIRST P.M. OF INDIA

PREFIX SUFFIX

E1 22318 CC/ P63 W33

RING & ROLLERS OF ID = 90 P6 +C3

CASE HARDENED STEEL
B = 64 MM IMPROVED INTERNAL
SPHERICAL DESIGN
ROLLER BEARING OD = 190 MM
DOUBLE ROW PERIPHERALGROOVE IN
OUTER RING WITH
THREE HOLES
 SUPPLEMENTARY DESIGNATION

PREFIXES : A prefix designates bearing components

AR - Ball and cage assembly or roller and cage assembly
LNU 207
L= inner ring of cylindrical roller bearing NU 207
RNU 207
R= Outer ring and roller cage assembly of cylindrical
roller bearing NU 207

SUFFIXES : Tell us about:--

1) Internal design 4) Bearing accuracy
2) External design 5) Internal clearance
3) Cage 6) lubrication features
 Some commonly used Suffixes
1)A, B, C, D and E -Tell us about Internal design of
the brg. e. g. 7025 B
B= Single row Angular contact ball
bearing with contact angle of 400
2) External Design
X - Boundary dimensions altered to
conform ISO standards

RS - Synthetic rubber seal fitted at one

side of or LS the bearing

2RS - Rubber Seal on both sides

or 2LS
 Some commonly used Suffixes
Z –
Shield fitted at one side of the bearing
2Z –
Shield fitted at both the sides

K –
Tapered bore , taper 1:12 on diameter
K30 Taper bore , taper 1:30 on diameter
–

N –
Snap ring groove in outer ring
Cage : J –
Pressed steel cage

Y - Pressed brass cage

P - Polyamide cage, reinforced with 25% glass fiber
M –
Machined brass cage
V - Cage less ball and roller bearing
 SUPPLEMENTARY DESIGNATION
ACCURACY: P6 - Accuracy to ISO class 6

P5 - Accuracy to ISO class 5

(Greater than 6)

P4 - Accuracy to ISO class 4

(Greater than 5)

NOTE: Lesser the number higher the accuracy

 INTERNAL CLEARANCE
C1 - Clearance less than C2

C2 - Clearance less than Normal

Normal

C3 – Clearance greater than Normal

C4 -- Clearance greater than C3

C5 -- Clearance greater than C4

 BEARING DESIGNATION
SOME EXAMPLES

Brg. No. 1315 EKTN9 / C2

Here width series 0 is missing Brg. Becomes 10315

1 - Self Aligning Ball Bearing Double Row

I.D. - 75mm O.D.– 16mm B – 37mm

E - Modified Internal Design (Better Ball Quality , Increased No. of balls )

K - Taper Bore Taper 1 : 12

TN9 - Reinforced plastic cage

C2 - Clearance less than normal ( Min . 23 microns , Max. 39 microns)

 BEARING DESIGNATION
SOME EXAMPLES

Bearing No. 22318 CCK / P63 W33

2 – Type – Double row spherical roller bearing
2 – Width – 64mm
3 – OD – 190mm
18 – ID – 18 X 5 = 90mm
CC – Spherical roller bearing of C design with
improved roller guidance
(Improved internal design to reduce friction)
K – Taper bore, Taper 1:12
P63 – P6+C3 – Accuracy to ISO class 6 + C3 internal
Clearance ( 0.1 to 0.135 mm)
W33 – Peripheral groove in outer ring with 3 holes at
120 0 for lubrication
 ALIGNMENT ANGLES OF DIFFERENT BEARINGS

Self Aligning Ball Bearings – 4 degree

Spherical Roller Bearings – a) Under low load – 2 degree

b) Under high load- 0.5 degree.

Deep Groove Ball Bearing _ a) Series 62,63 & 64- 5 to 10

minutes.
b) Series 160 & 60 – 2 to 6
minutes

Cylindrical Roller bearings – 1 to 3 minutes.

Taper Roller bearings – 1 to 1.5 minutes.

NOMINAL CONATCT ANGLES OF BEARINGS

Deep groove ball bearing radially displaced- 0 degree

Deep groove ball bearing axially displaced- 5 to 15 degrees.
Single Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing- 15 to 40 degrees.
Double Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing- 35 to 40 degrees.
Self Aligning Ball Bearing – 5 to 20 degrees.
Cylindrical Roller bearing – 0 degree.
Needle Roller Bearing – 0 degree.
Taper Roller Bearing – 10 to 30 degrees.
Spherical Roller Bearing – 4 to 18 degrees.
Angular Contact Thrust Ball Bearing – 60 degrees.
Spherical Roller Thrust Bearing – 50 degrees.
Thrust Ball / Needle Roller Bearing – 90 degrees.
 Principles of Bearing Calculations
Static Stressing:-
In rolling bearing Engineering the term static stressing refers to bearings , carrying a load
when – Stationary
1) Subjected to small oscillating motion.

2) The load
may be constant or variable.
Experience shows that rolling bearings under static loads can be stressed to such a degree
that minor plastic deformation occur in the rolling surfaces. How much a bearing can be
stressed statically can be calculated.
Static Load Ratings :-
An equivalent load under which the total permanent deformation of raceways and
heavily loaded rolling elements which is to 1/10000 of the rolling element diameter.
Index of static stressing , f s= Co / Po
Where Co = Static load rating fs
Po = Maximum permissible equivalent static load
fs = 1; when bearing is subjected to occasional rotation.
fs = 1.5 approx. ; where requirement of rotation is more
fs = 0.7 approx; when oscillating motion and no shock loads
fs> or = 0.8 ; when oscillation angle is very small.
fs = 4 to 6 ; in case of spherical roller bearings because of it’s typical application.
 Principles of Bearing Calculations
Fr Por
Fa

1. The pure radial load on track and roller surfaces , generated by Fa &Fr , will be
equal to Por which is known as EQUIVALENT STATIC LOAD.
2. Por will creat the same deformation on roller and track as will be created by Fa &
Fr.
3. Por = X0 * Fr +Y0 * Fa

Por = Equi. Static radial load

F0 = Radial Load Factor
Y0 = Axial Load Factor
4. If Por creates deformation equal to -------- Ave. Roller Dia./ 10,000
Then Por = Cor = Basic Static Load Rating

5. a) Cor For Radial and Angular contact Ball Bearings:

Cor = 12.3 * i * Z* Dw2 *Cosα

 Principles of Bearing Calculations
Fr Por
Fa

b) For Self aligning Ball Bearing

Cor = 3.33 * I * Z * Dw2 * Cosα
c) Thrust Ball Bearing
Coa = 49 * Z * Dw2 * Sin α
c) Radial Roller Bearing
Cor = 21.6 * i * Z * Lwe * Dwe * Cos α
d) Thrust Roller Bearing
Coa = 98.1 * Z * Lwc * Dwe * Sin α

Where Cor = Basic static load rating

Z = No. of rolling elements
Dw = Rolling element diameter
α = Contact angle
Lwe = Effective length of rollers
 Principles of Bearing Calculations
Fr Pr
Fa
DYNAMIC STRESSING

In rolling bearing engineering the term Dynamic Stressing refers to laoding

Of a rotating bearing.
After a longer time depending upon the load on running bearing fatigue
Phenomenon occurs on the operating surfaces of rolling bearing. This
Initiates micro cracks below the surface. With further operation, crack
Enlarges and pitting develops. Finally flaking extends over large area of
Operating surface.

1) The pure radial load on track and roller surfaces generated by forces
Fa and Fr will be equal to Pr.
2 So life obtained by applying Fa and Fr will be attained by the influence
of Pr

Pr = X Fr + Y Fa for ball bearing if Fa / Fr > e

 Principles of Bearing Calculations
Fr Pr
Fa
DYNAMIC STRESSING

Where Fr = Actual radial load

Fa= Actual axial load
X = Radial load factor
Y = Axial load factor

Pr = 0.4 Fr + 0.4 Cos α Fa, When Fa / Fr > e

Pr = Fr when Fa / Fr ≤ e for cylindrical roller bearing

Pr = Fa for thrust bearing

E = 1.5 tan α for taper roller bearing.

 Principles of Bearing Calculations
Fr Pr
Fa
DYNAMIC LOAD RATING

If a bearing runs for 106 revolutions without giving any sign of failure , then the equivalent
load which is applied on it is called Dynamic Load Rating of the bearing and is denoted by C.

a) For Radial and angular contact ball bearings

If Dw < or = 25.4mm then Cr = fc (I * Cos α )0.7 Z2/3 Dw1.8
If Dw > 25.4mm , then Cr = 3.647 fc (I * Cosα)0.7 Z2/3 Dw1.4

b) Radial roller bearing

Cr = fc (I * Lwe * Cosα )7/9 Z3/4 Dw 29/27

c) Thrust roller bearing

For α = 90 0 Ca = fc * Lwe7/9 * Z3/4 * Dwe29/27

For α ≠ 90 0 Ca = fc * ( Lwe * Cosα )7/9 Tanα Z3/4 Dwe 29/27

fc is a factor depends upon geometry of bearing and material.
 BEARING LIFE

The rating life of a sufficiently large number of dimensionally identical bearings

Is expressed by the number of revolutions or number of hours at constant speed
reached or exceeded by 90% of the bearing group before the first sign of material
failure appears.

In other words, Rating Life is the maximum number of revolutions which 90% of
the group of dimensionally identical bearings , running at identical operating
conditions had attended before the first evidence of material fatigue appears.
The life equation :

L10 = ( C/P)n or C/P = ( L10)1/n

Where L10 = Basic rating life in millions of revolutions
C = Basic dynamic load rating
P = Equivalent dynamic load
n = Exponent for the life equation
n = 3 , For Ball Bearings
n = 10/3 , For Roller bearing
 BEARING LIFE
Life of bearing in hours :

L10h = ( 10 6 / 60* N ) * (C/P) n

Where L10h = Basic rating life in operating hours

N = Rotational speed in rev. per minute

Modified Rating Life;--

With the development in following fields:
Improved production process and production means
1) Refined measuring tools
2) More uniform and inclusion free material structure
3) Stable lubricants
4) New findings on friction and wear
A new term called Corrected Nominal Life (Lna) is generated.
Lna = a1 * a2 * a3 * L10
 BEARING LIFE CONTD.
Lna = a1*a2*a3* L1o
Where , a1 = Correction coefficient for reliability other than 90%
a2 = Correction coefficient taking in to account the material used
a3 = correction coefficient making based upon the method of
lubrication and generally taken as 1

CORRECTION COEFFICIENT a1
Reliability % a1
90 1
95 0.62
96 0.53
97 0.44
98 0.33
98 0.21
 BEARING LIFE CONTD.
Example
A bearing 22318 CC / W33 made of S.K.F. standard steel is to rotate at
a speed N = 500 rpm ,under a constant load Fr = 50,000 N . Bearing is oil lubricated and at
operating temperature the viscosity of oil 35mm 2/s.
What is adjusted life for 98% reliability?

Solution
P = Fr = 50,000 N
a1 = 0.33 for 98% Reliability ( from table)
dm = 0.5 ( d+D )
= 0.5( 90+190) = 140 mm
Satisfactory lubrication will be obtained if the oil viscosity is ν1= 21 mm2/s

K = v / v1 = 35/21 = 1.67 ( from lubrication table)

Corresponding to this K value a23 = 1.9

Lna = 0.33x1.4x(477000/50,000)10.3
= 850 million revolutions
= 28300 operating hours
 BEARING LIFE CONTD.
Example
A bearing 22318 CC / W33 made of S.K.F. standard steel is to rotate at a speed
N = 500 rpm ,under a constant load Fr = 50,000 N . Bearing is oil lubricated and
at operating temperature the viscosity of oil 35mm2/s.What is adjusted life for
98% reliability?

Solution
P = Fr = 50,000 N
a1 = 0.33 for 98% Reliability ( from table)
dm = 0.5 ( d+D
= 0.5( 90+190) = 140 mm
Satisfactory lubrication will be obtained if the oil viscosity is ν1= 21 mm2/s

K = v / v1 = 35/21 = 1.67 ( from lubrication table)

Corresponding to this K value a23 = 1.9
Lna = 0.33x1.4x(477000/50,000)10.3
= 850 million revolutions
= 28300 operating hours
CLEANING AND INSPECTION OF BEARINGS
 BEARING LUBRICATION

WHY THE BEARINGS HAVE TO BE

LUBRICATED ?
In order to achieve its maximum life in
service , a
rolling bearing must be lubricated.
 BEARING LUBRICATION

• Grease constituents:-
Grease Lubrication:-

Application in which the bearing operates under

normal speed and temperature conditions, grease is

used.

Grease = 90% mineral oil + a thickener ( metallic soap )

Metallic soap = Metal hydroxide + fatty acid

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