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INTRODUCTION TO BPR
`Reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and
radical redesign of business processes to achieve
dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary
measures of performance such as cost, quality,
service and speed.´
The term process in the context of reengineering:-
A process is a series of related activities that:
‡ Takes an input
‡ Add value to it
‡ Produces an output for a customer
 INTRODUCTION TO BPR
  
According to many in the BPR field reengineering should focus on processes and not
be limited to thinking about the organizations. After all the organization is only as
effective as its processes So, what is a process? ³A business process is a series of
steps designed to produce a product or a service. It includes all the activities that
deliver particular results for a given customer (external or internal).´
c 
 Business process reengineering (BPR) is
idea that grew into a fad in the early 1990s. It was started by Michael Hammer's
paper (1990) and book (Hammer & Champy, 1993) on the topic. In the book, BPR
is defined as ³«the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business
processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary measures of
performance, such as cost, quality, service and speed.´
   c
  
‡ mapping of existing processes,
‡ developing new processes,
‡ implementing new processes,
 Introduction to IR
m Indian Railways is 150 years old
m It is largest railway system in world under one management
m It is the lifeline of our country
m It is the biggest civilian employer in the world
m No strike in last 30 years in spite of 17 lac workers
m It runs 12000 trains every day
m It carries 1.4 crore passengers & 16 lac tonnes of goods
everyday
m Indian Railways, the world¶s second largest railway, carries
11 million passengers each day, on 8520 trains departing from
7000 stations.
   !
"
m 1853 First train run (Boribunder to Thane)
m 1854 the first passenger train (Howrah to Hoogly)
m 1856 First south line was open. (Chennai)
m 1859 First north line( Allahabad to Kanpur)
m 1947 Post partition 21 railway systems - 10 owned by the GOI and balance by princely
states.
m 1951 Southern, Central and Western Railways SR, CR&WR created
m 1952 Northern, Eastern and North Eastern Railways, NR,ER&NER created
m 1955 South Eastern Railways, SER created
m 1958 North East Frontier Railways, NFR created.
m 1966 South Central Railways, SCR created.
m 2002 East Central & North Western Railways created in October
m 2003 South Western , West Central, North Central, South Eastern Central & East
Coast Railway, created in April 2003
 # $

Past Approach Present Approach

‡ Passion and Integrity to

C change
‡ Nothing can change H
‡ We are rail roads A ‡ We are in the business of
N transportation
‡ Fear and anxiety G
‡ Restructuring and E ‡ Hope and excitement
Rightsizing ‡ Regeneration and
‡ Tariff focused competitiveness
‡ Unit cost focused
 "  !


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Process Complexities
Technological Factors
Competition
Customer Satisfaction


Usage of IT in Railways
Metro Rail
Golden quadrilateral projects
Expansion of Railway Zones from nine to sixteen
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‡ Doubling of Railway routes
‡ Railway road kms expansion
‡ Phasing out of steam engines.
‡ Replacing diesel engines with electric engines.
‡ Meter gauge to broad gauge conversion .
‡ Electrification of routes
‡ Third class accommodation abolished
‡ Introduction of AC-2 tier and AC-3 tier coaches
‡ Introduction of IRCTC
‡ Outsourcing of maintenance operations
‡ Decentralization
‡ Human Resource initiatives
‡ Product innovation
‡ Increasing the speed of trains
 Usage of IT in Railways
A large complex Infrastructure System with Large Geographical Dispersion such
as the Indian Railways can benefit greatly from the intelligent use of IT

E-GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVE
Freight revenue enhancement
Passenger revenue enhancement
Improvements in Customer and public service
Investment optimization
Transforming Transport through Technology
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-Freight Operations Information system ( FOIS)
-Passenger Reservations System (PRS)
-Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS)
-Instant voice response system (IVRS)
-Rail Net
-E- Ticketing
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Instant access to
Assists in Asset Tracking, information regarding
Asset Planning status of consignments
Performance Monitoring , in transit, for just in
to optimise Asset time inventory
utilisation
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   Indian railways introduced UTS
 /    to improve customer
satisfaction, revenue
 &!!  generation, accounting, and
/ reporting capabilities and
reduce fraud
Tickets can be issued upto System is proposed to be extended
3 days in advance progressively on all zonal railways


  

    
 
 
REENGINEERING SERVICES
PROVIDED
Passenger Information
Railway Reservation and ticketing
Retiring rooms¶ facilities at Stations
Railway claims and refunds
Catering and vending services
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‡ Improvised freight wagons
‡ Territorial Readjustment of Zones and In-
House Reforms
‡ National Rail Vikas Yojana
‡ New Steps towards Safety and Security
‡ Duronto Trains
‡ RFID for wagon and consignment racking

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‡ New railway Zones creation opposed by six retired chairman of the Railway board
‡ Displeasure of ³The Rakesh Mohan Committee´ and ³Controller and Auditor
General ³
‡ Various questions were raised about the plans and expenditure

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‡ The Supreme court of India dismissed the petitions challenging the decision of the
government
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