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]



Õ   
` Sarcolemma

` t-tubules

` sarcoplasmic reticulum

` myofibers, myofibrils, myofilaments

` sarcomere
Õ 

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`  
 tissue is attached to bones, it is striated, voluntary

control, multinucleated

` 
 located in the walls of hollow internal structures,

nonstriated, involuntary

`   forms most of the heart, it is striated, involuntary,

autorhythmic
›  
  


 
 
  
` ll skeletal muscle are composed of numerous fablers
ranging from 10 to 80% micrometer in diameter.

` Each of these fibers is made up of successively smaller

sub-units

` In most of skeletal muscle, each fiber extends the entire

length of the muscle, except for the 2% of the fibers

` Each fiber is usually innervated by only one nerve

ending, located near the middle of the fiber.
 


` ëong cylindrical cells

` Many nuclei per cell

` Striated

` Voluntary

` Rapid contractions
  

` 0ranching cells

` One or two nuclei per cell

` Striated

` Involuntary

` Medium speed contractions




` 3usiform cells

` One nucleus per cell

` Nonstriated

` Involuntary

` Slow, wave-like
contractions
u
   
   
` Õhe Sarcolemma is a thin membrane enclosing a
skeletal muscle fiber

` It consist of a true cell membrane and outer coat made

up of polysaccharide

` t the end of each muscle fibers, the surface layer of

Sarcolemma fuses with a tendon fiber.

` Õhe tendon fiber in turn collect in bundles to form the

muscle tendon that then inserted into the bone
  
` It is the intra cellular fluid between myofibrils

` Muscle fiber cytoplasm, almost completely filled with

contractile filaments called Ú
Ú

` Sarcoplasm contains glycosomes (granules of

glycogen) and

` he oxygen-binding protein called myoglobin

   



`  specialized Endoplasmic Reticulum of skeletal
Muscle.

`  network of tubes surrounding myofibrils,

` functions to reabsorb calcium ion during relaxation,

release them to cause contraction
   
` 0undle of thread like contractile elements consisting of
myofilaments, 80% of the muscle volume, contain the
contractile elements of skeletal muscle cells
` Each muscle fiber contain several hundred to several
thousand myofibrils
` Õhese are demonstrated by small open dot in the cross
sectional view
` It is composed of about 1500 adjacent myosin filaments
and 3000 actin filaments.
` Õhese are large polymerized protein molecules
` Responsible for actual muscle contraction
   
  

` Myofibrils are composed of thread like proteins filaments
` Õhese are of three types:
` Õhick filaments (16nm) called  .
` Each myosin molecule (two interwoven polypeptide
chains) has a rodlike tail and two globular heads
` Myosin = motor protein:
chemical energy { mechanical energy of motion
` Õhin filaments (8nm) called 

` 
 


   
` Myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin filaments

` Each muscle fiber contains several hundred to several

thousand myofibrils

` Demonstrated by small dots in the cross sectional views

` It composed of about 1500 adjacent myosin filaments and

3000 actin filaments.

` Õhese are large polymerized protein molecules

` Responsible for the actual muscle contraction
   

` During muscle contraction, the myosin Heads link the
thick and thin filaments together, forming cross bridges.

` ctin provides active sites where myosin heads attach

during contraction.

` Õropomyosin and Õroponin are regulatory subunits

bound to actin
    

` Sarcomere ± smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber, a
compartment of myofibrils
` Sarcomere = unit of contraction
` Õhe sarcomere is characterized by alternating light and dark
bands or zones produced by the myofilaments
` D   a line that separates one sarcomere from another
`   - central line of the sarcomere where myosin
filaments are anchored
` u   - the area where only myosin filaments are present
`   - the area where only actin filaments are present
`    includes overlapping myosin and actin filaments
 
  
 
` ›]
 Õ
`  

 
` bility to shorten and thus cause movement in the body
`  
 
` Õhe ability to lengthen again and thus be ready to
contract again.
`  Õ
›Õ
` ÕD
  Õ
`
 Õ
uÕ
` ›ÕÕ


  
 

· ÎSupport & Movement Î Muscular System Î Skeletal

Muscle

` Myofilaments are central to muscle contraction

` Õropomyosin and troponin are the regulatory proteins

of muscle contraction.

` Õhe sarcomere Îunit of contraction of a muscle fibre

S 

  
 

 
 !movement of the whole body
from one place to another


  
 

 

  

"
] 
 



` peristalsis
` churning
` defecation
S 

  
  



#
  



` coughing
` sneezing
Œ
  


` peristalsis
ü
  

 


` peristalsis in male and female tracts
` V
 V
  
 
S 

  
  



$
u 
   
` 
   

` contraction in arterioles increases resistance to
blood flow

Ñ

   
  


"

   
 
 
 
` always oppose flexors on front
` keeps body pulled backwards to an upright
position
 S 

  
  



%
  
 

 
` Heat produced through cellular respiration in muscle
cells
` ëocation of most of heat production: contracting
skeletal muscles

Heat is a form of energy but it is not used for energy

purposes by cells
 


Õ