ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE

:: PUMPS ::

PUMPS
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps – Family Tree ::

PUMPS: Positive Displacement and Kinetic (Dynamic)

PUMP FAMILY TREE Centrifugal

Kinetic Turbine
(dynamic)
Mixed Flow

Axial Flow

Pumps
Piston

Reciprocating Plunger

Diaphragm
Positive
Displacement
Gear
Rotary Lobe
Sliding vane
Screw
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps ::

Reciprocating Piston Pumps

Inlet Stroke - vacuum created in the cylinder.

Suction valve opens.
Liquid enters the cyclinder

Outlet Stroke - piston reverses direction

Pressure rises, discharge valve opens.
Liquid flows out to the discharge line.
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps ::

Reciprocating Plunger Pumps:

- similar in many ways to piston pumps.

Same kind of drivers, valves

other various mechanism.
Plunger displaces the liquid in
the cylinder vs. Piston
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps ::

Reciprocating Diaphragm Pumps

Low pressure is created

underneath the diaphragm.
Valve opens, liquid drawn in.

When pushed down, a high pressure is created.

Suction valve closes, discharge valve opens. Liquid pushed out.
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps ::

Gear Pumps
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Platform Equipment – Pumps ::

Lobe Pumps

2-Lobe Pump
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Platform Equipment – Pumps ::

Sliding Vane Pumps

Double Suction Sliding Vane Pump

ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps ::

Screw Pumps

Twin Screw Pump

 ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps ::
Centrifugal Pumps –
Converts energy from prime mover into kinetic energy in the impeller,
reconverting it into pressure energy in a volute or diffuser.

 Liquid in the impeller

thrown outwards by
centrifugal force.
 Low pressure created
at the impeller eye,
liquid sucked in.
 Kinetic energy
increased.
 Liquid enters the
volute and slows down.
Kinetic energy
converted to pressure.
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps - Centrifugal ::

Impeller Design
 ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps - Centrifugal ::
Head-Flow Performance Curve

• Unique for each pump.

• Supplied by
manufacturer for clear,
cold water.
• Correction only
necessary when fluid
viscosity varies
significantly from water.
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps - Centrifugal ::

Operating Point / Capacity - controlled by the intersection of the system

head curve and the pump performance curve.

System Head Curve with throttling

Head

System
Head Curve

Q2 Q1

Capacity
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps - Centrifugal ::

Head – Static & Friction (loss)

Expressed in meter of liquid being pumped, comprised of static and friction head

1. Total system static head

H = Elevation, Discharge to Suction (m).
S.G = Specific Gravity
Pd = Pressure In Discharge Tank. (bar)
Ps = Pressure In Suction Tank. (bar)
Total Static Head (m) = H + (Pd – Ps) x 10

S.G

2. System friction head

Head friction Head loss in the system caused
by fluid flow through piping, valves, fittings,etc
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps - Centrifugal ::

Suction Head vs. Suction Lift

Suction Lift – Static Head where the Pump Suction Head – Static Heads where the
is Located Above the Suction Tank. Pump is Located Below the Suction Tank.
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps - Centrifugal ::

Parallel Operation
Pump A Hd

Pump B
Pump A
Pump A and B
or B
Q Q
1 2

System Head
Curve
• At same Head, Qtotal = Q1+Q1.
Pump • System head curve intersection -Q
A or B
Pump A doesn’t necessarily double.
and B

Q Q
1 2
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps - Centrifugal ::

Series Operation

A B

Head
System Head Curve

H • At same Q, H total = H1+H1.

Pump A & B • System head curve intersection -H
doesn’t necessarily double.

Pump A
or B

Capacity
ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps - Centrifugal ::

Basic Seal System – Packing vs. Mechanical seal

A. Packing B. Mechanical Seal

ROTATING EQUIPMENT FUNDAMENTAL COURSE
:: Pumps - Centrifugal ::

Mechanical Seal - advantages

1. Zero or limited leakage of product (meet emission

regulations.)
2. Reduced friction and power loss.
3. Eliminate of shaft or sleeve wear.
4. Reduced maintenance costs.
5. High pressures and more corrosive environments.
6. The wide variety of designs allows use of mechanical
seals in almost all pump applications.
Mechanical Seal
Thank You
Any Questions?