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What is curriculum?

Curriculum is said to be a very ill-


defined term (Huang, 1991).
It may carry different meanings when
used by teachers, schools and
academics. What makes the
matter worse is that it is used
interchangably with terms like
syllabus, examination syllabus and
instruction (Chang, 1998).
In this session, we would try to clarify
what it is.
sylabus and curriculumn
“a syllabus is typically a list of content areas
which are to be assessed.” (Print, 1993)
“a curriculum shows by what kind of
educational activities the teacher will fulfill
the requirements of the syllabus.... the
curriculum is primarily concerned with
method and therefore with education; it is
made up of pedagogical directives, intended
to provide assistance, advice, suggestions
and information to assist the teachers in
carrying out his task successfully."
• “the curriculum usually contains a
statement of aims of specific objectives, it
indicates some selection and organization
of content, it either implies or manifest
certain patterns of learning and teaching,
whether because the objectives demand
them or because the content organization
require them. finally it induces a program of
evaluation of the outcomes." (taba, 1952)
• "...learning takes place through the
experiences the learner has ... 'learning
experience' is not the same as the content
with which a course deals... [the
curriculum consists of] ... all of the learning
of students which is planned by and
directed by the school to attain its
educational goals." (tyler, 1949)
• “some claim that a curriculum is the
content or objectives for which schools
hold students accountable. others claim
that a curriculum is the set of instructional
strategies teaches plan to use." (posner,
1995, p.5)
reflection

• what are the major elements of


curriculum?
elements of a curicullum
• Objectives

• Content
• Evaluation

• Methods
curicullum dimmensions
1) Platform
3) Objectives
3) Student entry behaviours
4) Assessment tools & proccedures
5) Instructional materials
6) Learning experiences
7) Teaching strategies
8) Content
10) Time
curicullum and instruction
• “curiculum is 'a system of planned actions for
instruction' and instruction is the 'system for
putting the plans into action.” (macDonald,
1965)“basically the curriculum is what
happens to children in school as a result of
what teachers do." (kansas, 1958)
• “bby 'curriculum' we mean the planned
experiences offered to the learner under the
guidance of the school.” (Wheeler, 1967)

• “instruction is the delivery of information and


activities learners' attainment of intended, specific
learning goals. In other words, instruction is the
conduct of activities that we focused on learners
lerning specific things." (Smith & Ragan, 1993,
p.2)
• “an curriculum consists of all those learnings intended for a
group of student or group of students." (Goodlad, 1963)

• “when people speak of 'the school curriculum'... they


include not only the available subject curricular but also all
the other educational encounters -- relating to personal
relationships, moral attitudes, social habits and so forth --
offered by the school. In this sense, in fact, the curriculum
is as wide as the entire set of chosen activities by which
the school seeks to achieve its educating purposes..."
(Becher & Maclure, 1978)

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