Information Systems

Information Management & Systems

Development
 The Flow of Information within an
Organization – Departments

 Research and development

 Production
 Marketing
 Accounting and finance
 Human resources
 Management Levels and
Decisions
 Top managers – strategic decisions
 Middle managers – tactical decisions
 Supervisory managers – operational
decisions
 Information
 Properties needed to make the right decision
• Level of summarization
• Degree of accuracy
• Timeliness
 Types of information
• Structured
• Unstructured
• Semistructured
 Computer-Based Information
Systems
1. Transaction processing system (TPSs)
2. Management information systems (MISs)
3. Decision support systems (DSSs)
4. Executive support system (ESSs)
5. Expert systems
6. Office automation systems (OASs)
 Transaction Processing Systems
 What is a transaction?
 A recorded event having to do with routine
business activities
 What is TPS?
 A computer-based information system that
keeps track of the transactions needed to
conduct business.
Transaction Processing Systems
Features
 Input and output
 For lower managers
 Produces detail reports
 One for each department
 Basis for MIS & DSS
 Management Information
Systems
 What is MIS?
 A computer based information system that
uses data recorded by TPS and input into
programs that produce routine reports as
output
Management Information Systems
Features
 Input and output
 For middle managers
 Draws from all departments
 Produces several kinds of reports
• Summary reports
• Exception reports
• Periodic reports
• Demand reports
 Decision Support Systems
 What is DSS?
 A computer-based information system that
provides a flexible tool for analysis and
helps managers focus on the future
 Decision Support Systems
Features
 Inputs and outputs
 Mainly for middle managers
 Produces analytic models
• Model – mathematical representation of a real
system
 Executive Support Systems
 What is ESS?
 An easy-to-use DSS made especially for top
managers
 Supports strategic decision making
 Sometimes called executive information
system (EIS)
 Information for Everyone
 Office automation systems – combine
various technologies to reduce manual labor
required in running an office
 Expert systems
• Sometimes called knowledge-based
• A set of interactive computer programs that
helps users solve problems that would
otherwise requires the assistance of a human
expert
 Systems Development
 Planning is essential for changes and
improvements
 System – a collection of related components
that interact to perform a task in order to
accomplish a goal
 Organization has hardware, software,
people, procedures, and data to provide
information
Systems Development Life Cycle
SDLC
 Preliminary  Systems development
investigation  Systems implementation
 Systems analysis  Systems maintenance
 Systems design