Oleh:

SETYANINGSIH R
PPL UNNES
THE word “MONERA” is derived from a Greek’s word
“MONERES’ meaning SINGLE
Organisms that most its members have these following

CHARACTERISTIC:
1. Have a tiny size
2. Living as a single cell
3. Having no nuclear membrane (prokaryotic)
MONERA Kingdom consists of TWO members:

1. ARCHAEBACTERIA
2. EUBACTERIA : - Bacteria
- Cyanobacteria
( green-blue algae)
ARCHAEBACTERIA

ARCHAEBACTERIA are Kinds of bacteria with no

peptidoglicane on their cell wall and lipid with
branched c chain on their plasma membrane
ARCHAEBACTERIA
ARCHAEBACTERIA divided Into THREE groups :

1. METHANOGEN Bacteria, bacteria that produce

methane. They live at swamp, such as
Methanobacterium
2.HALOPHYLL Bacteria, bacteria that live at an
environment with high salt content, such as
Halobacterium
3.THERMOACIDOPHYLL bacteria, bacteria that live at
a hot and acid environment, such as Sulfolabus
and Thermoplasma
EUBACTERIA
EUBACTERIA are Kinds of bacteria that can be found in
the nature.
Eubacteria consist of two members :
1. BACTERIA
2. CYANOPHYTA (green-blue algae)
THE word bacteria derived from greek’s word bacterium
wich means a little bacil

Bacteria is microscopic organism and its only be seen by

an electron microscop with 1000x (thausand times zoom)
BACTERIA CHARACTERISTIC
MICROORGANISME,
BACTERIA HAVE A SIZE
length: 10 micron (1 micron = 0,0001 mm)
wide: 0,5-1 micron

Bacteria can only be seen through an electron

microscope with 1000x
BACTERIA CHARACTERISTICS
THEY LIVE ANY WHERE, IT IS COSMOPOLITAN
BACTERIA

BASIC OF CELL WALL ARE MUKOPOLISAKARIDA

AND PEPTIDOGLIKAN
BACTERIA CHARACTERISTICS
THE CELL OF BACTERIA CAN PRODUCE A MUCUS ON
THE CELL WALL WHICH CALLED CAPSULE

CAPSULE IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF BACTERIA WICH

CAN CAUSE ILLNESS. (PATHOGEN BACTERIA)
BACTERIA CHARACTERISTICS
MEMBRANE SITOPLASMA tersusun atas FOSFOLIPID
dan PROTEIN

FUNGSI:
1. Sebagai ALAT TRANSPORT elektron dan proton yang
dilepas saat oksidasi bahan makanan
2. PENGANGKUT SENYAWA yang MASUK dan
MENINGGALKAN Sel
BACTERIA CHARACTERISTICS
IN A BAD CONDITION, A BACTERIA PERFORM
ENDOSPORA

THE FUNGCTION OF ENDOSPORA IS TO PROTECT

BACTERIA FROM THE HEAD AND NATURE
INTERVENTION
BACTERIA CHARACTERISTICS
There are three kinds of basic
shapes of
bacterium cell
A BAR SHAPED BACTERIUM (basil)
MONOBASIL
(Basil which shape is single bar)

Salmonella typhi
NOTE: Causin typhus
A BAR SHAPED BACTERIUM (basil)
DIPLOBASIL
(Bacteria which shape are double bar)

Renibacterium salmoninarum
A BAR SHAPED BACTERIUM (basil)
STREPTOBASIL
(Bacteria which shape is chain-like bar)

Basillus anthractis
NB: causing antraxs
A ROUND SHAPED BACTERIUM
(coccus)
MONOCOCCUS
(bacteria which shape is a single round)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
NB: causing gonorrhoe
A ROUND SHAPED BACTERIUM
(coccus)
DIPLOCOCCUS
(bacteria which shape is doube round )

Diplococcus pneumoniae
NB: causing pneumoniae
A ROUND SHAPED BACTERIUM
(coccus)
STREPTOCOCUS
(Bbacteria which shape is chain like round)

Streptococcus salivarius
NB: bakteri yang terdapat dalam air ludah
A ROUND SHAPED BACTERIUM
(coccus)
STAFILOCOCCUS
(bacteri which shape like grapes)

Staphylococcus aureus
A ROUND SHAPED BACTERIUM
(coccus)
SARKINA
(bakteri bentuk bola berkelompok membentuk kubus)

Sarcina sp
SPIRAL SHAPED BACTERIA
VIBRIO
(bakteri bentuk koma/ lengkung ½ lingkaran)

Vibrio cholerae
NB: penyebab penyakit kolera
SPIRAL SHAPED BACTERIA
SPIROCHAETA
(bakteri bentuk spiral yang punya sifat halus dan lentur)

Treponema pallidum
NB: penyebab penyakit sifilis
SPIRAL SHAPED BACTERIA
SPIRAL
(bakteri bentuk spiral/ lebih dari ½ lingkaran)

Spirillum minor
NB: menyebabkan demam dengan perantara tikus
CAPSULE (kapsul)
EXSPLANATION:
1. PLACE: out site of cell wall
2. Consist of protein and glicogen
3. Capsule can found in patogen bacteria
4. Function:
 Survive from anti body that product by host cell
 Protecting cell of drainess
FLAGELLA (flagel)
PENJELASAN:
1. Terbuat dari Protein disebut FLAGELIN
2. FUNGSI: untuk BERGERAK (mobile)
3. Berdasarkan Letak dan Jumlah, FLAGEL dibedakan
menjadi:
 AMPITRIK ?...
 MONOTRIK ?...
 LOPOTRIK ?...
 PERITRIK ?...
FLAGELLA (flagel)
1. Ampitric: bacteria that the both of the edge have a
flagel

2. Monotric: bacteria that one of the edge has a flagel

3. Lopotric: bacteria that one of the edge have many

flagels

4. Peritric: bacteria that all of the surface of body have

flagel
DINDING SEL
PENJELASAN:
1. LETAK: di sebelah DALAM KAPSUL
2. TERSUSUN atas Persenyawaan POLISAKARIDA dan
PROTEIN = PEPTIDOGLIKAN
3. FUNGSI:
 untuk MELINDUNGI Sel
MEMBRAN SEL
PENJELASAN:
1. LETAK: di bagian DALAM setelah DINDING SEL
2. TERSUSUN atas Molekul LEMAK dan PROTEIN, sifat
dari Membran Sel SEMIPERMEABLE
3. FUNGSI:
 Mengatur KELUAR-MASUK ZAT keluar atau kedalam
sel
 MELINDUNGI Sel
MEMBRAN SEL
PENJELASAN:
1. TERSUSUN atas LEMAK dan PROTEIN
2. SIFAT MEMBRAN Sel: SEMIPERMEABLE
3. FUNGSI:
 Mengatur KELUAR-MASUK ZAT keluar atau kedalam
sel
MESOSOM
PENJELASAN:
1. Merupakan PENONJOLAN ke ARAH DALAM (ke
dalam Siotoplasma
2. FUNGSI:
 PENYEDIA ENERGI bagi Bakteri
 PUSAT PEMBENTUKAN DINDING SEL BARU DI
ANTARA KEDUA SEL ANAKAN pada PROSES
PEMBELAHAN
LEMBAR FOTOSINTETIK
PENJELASAN:
1. Merupakan PELIPATAN MEMBRAN ke arah
sitoplasma
2. Di dalam pelipatan membran dapat ditemukan
KLOROFIL
3. FUNGSI:
 FOTOSINTESIS pada BAKTERI
SITOPLASMA
PENJELASAN:
1. CAIRAN SITOPLASMA, tersusun atas KOLOID yang
mengandung berbagai MOLEKUL ORGANIK
2. Molekul Organik dalam Sitoplasma berupa
(karbohidrat, lemak, protein, mineral-mineral,
ribosom, DNA, serta enzim-enzim)
3. FUNGSI:
 TEMPAT berlangsung REAKSI METABOLIK
DNA
PENJELASAN:
1. MATERI GENETIK, terdapat Dalam SITOPLASMA
INTI
2. BENTUK: SIRKULER
3. Terdiri dari 2 POLINUKLEOTIDA BERPILIN
4. FUNGSI:
 PENGONTROL SINTESIS PROTEIN BAKTERI
 Zat PEMBAWA SIFAT atau GEN
PLASMID
PENJELASAN:
1. Merupakan DNA Non KROMOSOMAL
2. UKURAN: 1/1000 X DNA KROMOSOM
3. PLASMID mengandung GEN TERTENTU, misal: gen
kebal antibiotik
RIBOSOM
PENJELASAN:
1. TERSUSUN atas PROTEIN dan RNA
2. BENTUK: BUTIR-BUTIR KECIL tidak Bermembran
3. FUNGSI:
 SINTESIS PROTEIN
ENDOSPORA
PENJELASAN:
MERUPAKAN CARA BAKTERI UNTUK MENGATASI
KONDISI LINGKUNGAN
ASEKSUAL REPRODUCTION
BACTERIA  with biner cleavage.
BINER CLEAVAGE is happen cleavage with not
CLEAVAGE MITOSIS

PROCCESS: First Biner cleavage with replication of

DNA become to copy DNA, to take part sitoplasma
cleavage and than format separate wall both bacteria
cell
Proccess Biner Cleavage
Time : 20 minutes for do clevage
Limited Factor : a.Difensiasi food
b.Temperatur
c.Ekskresi
d.Other organisme to bacteria fagosit
Seksual Reproduction
Seksual reproduktion with poccess conjugation

Notes:
Bacteria to give DNA is male bacteria
Bacteria admission of DNA is female bacteria
Bacteria is a cleavage biner
Bacteria formed bacteria cell