A PRESENTATION ON OPTICAL AMPLIFIER

GROUP MEMBERS:

SANTOSH SHRESTHA (630441)

RAMESH BD. SAUD (630438)
PRADEEP SHRESTHA (630457)
SURESH SHRESTHA (630452)
 OPTICAL AMPLIFIER

An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical

signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an
electrical signal
 APPLICATION OF OPTICAL AMPLIFIER

•In line amplifier

• 30-70km
• To increase tx link.
•Pre-amplifier
- Low noise
-To improve receiver sensitivity
•Booster amplifier
- 17 dBm
-TV
•LAN booster amplifier

Fig: Optical Amplification

TYPES OF OPTICAL AMPLIFIER
1. Semi-conductor laser amplifier(SLAs)
2. Active fiber or deposited fiber amplifier(DFAs)

SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS(SOA)

 Laser diodes with or without end mirrors which have fiber

attached to both the ends.

 They work for the optical windows both 1310 and 1550nm.
 Transmit bi-directionally.
 Consume less power.

 Rapid gain response(1ps-0.1ns)

 Two types
 Fabry-Perot Amplifier(FPA)
 Travelling Wave Amplifier(TWA)
 FABRY – PEROT AMPLIFIER
 Two cleaved facet of s/c crystal forms Fabry–Perot cavity.
 For operation the FPL is biased below the normal lasing
threshold current.
 Light entering one facet is reflected back and forth between the
mirrors until it is emitted at a higher intensity.
 Easy to fabricate but optical signal gain is very sensitive to
variation in amplifier temperature and i/p optical frequency.
 Require:
careful stabilization of
- temperature and
-injection current.
 High gain but non-uniform
gain spectrum
EDF AMPLIFIER (EDFA)
 Erbium(rare earth material ) doped with silica fiber core
 Works best in the range 1530 to 1565 nm
 Gain up to 30 dB ,output power 10-30Dbm
 Population Inversion obtained using optical pump signal
of wavelength 980nm or 1480nm.
 Used in terrestrial & submarine links

Input Coupler Isolator

1480 or 980
nm Pump Output
Laser
Erbium Doped Fiber
INTERIOR OF AN ERBIUM DOPED FIBER AMPLFIER
(EDFA)

Pump laser
WDM Fibre coupler

Erbium
doped fibre
loop

Fibre
input/output

Source: Master 7_5

 OPERATION OF EDFA

High powered beam is mixed with input signal

Excites the erbium ions to high energy state
Energy transfer takes place between the data signal and
pumped light.
The emitted photons have same phase and direction as
transmitted signal.
Isolator used to prevent reflection of signal.

Isolator Isolator

Input WDM Output

Erbium Doped
Fibre

Pump Source
= Fusion
Splice
 Advantages and Limitation
Advantages
 Variable wavelength amplification possible
 Compatible with installed SM fiber
 Can be used to "extend" EDFAs
 Can result in a lower average power over a span, good for
lower crosstalk
 Very broadband operation may be possible
Limitations
 High pump power requirements, high pump power lasers have
only recently arrived
 Sophisticated gain control needed
 Noise is also an issue
 COMPARISON
Property SOA EDFA
Amplification Band depends on pump power depends on dopant (Er, Y,
Th)
Gain BW 60nm ~90nm(extended range)
NOISE FIGURE 8 5
Noise ASE ASE
Pump wavelength Electrical pump 980/1.480nm for erbium
Pump power <400mA ~10-300mW
Saturation power depends on Bias current Depends on dopant and
gain
Direction Unidirectional Unidirectional
Simplicity Simpler more complex
(EDFA needed)

Cost Low Medium