CHLOROPHYLL

Table 1. Color of extracts at ambient conditions

Pigment Color Before Storage Color After Storage

Chlorophyll Brownish green Greenish brown

Table 2. Color of extracts subjected to heat.

Pigment Color after placement in water bath

Chlorophyll brown
Table 3. Color of extracts added with some reagents (glacial
acetic acid, 5% ascorbic acid and 10% lime water)

Pigment 30 minutes 3 days

Chlorophyll Yellow green w/ precipitatae Brownish green w/ precipitate

Table 4. Color of extracts after addition of sodium bisulfite.

Pigment Observation

Chlorophyll Became greener

Table 5. Color of camote leaves after blanching.

Time elapsed (minutes) Color of leaves

5 Green

10 bright green

15 Yellowish green

20 Yellow
BETALAINS
 A. Extraction

Table 1. Table showing the sample used, the extracted

pigments and the initial observations

Sample Used Extracted pigments Observastions

Purple cabbage Betalains The color of the
filtrate obtained
was pink (lighter
than the
anthocyanin)

B. Stability Tests
 
Table 2. Table showing the observations made after one week
of storage in an ambient condition

Betalains The color of the extract was

still pink
Table 3. Table showing the observations made on the
effects of heating in a water bath for thirty minutes
on the pigments

Betalains The color of the extract became

purple

Table 4. Table showing the effects of the addition of

some reagents (glacial acetic acid, 5% ascorbic acid
and 10% lime water) on the extracts and the
exposure to strong light for thirty minutes

Betalains There was a presence of precipitate

and the color became purple
Table 5. Table showing the effects of the addition of
some reagents (glacial acetic acid, 5% ascorbic acid and
10% lime water) on the extracts and its storage in a
dark place for three days

Betalains The color became pink

Table 6. Table showing the reaction of the pigments upon

addtion of Na bisulfate

Betalains The color became pinkish

purple and more distinct
Anthocyanin
Table 1. Color of extracts at ambient conditions.

Pigment Color Before Color After

Storage Storage
Anthocyanin Dark fuchsia Fuchsia pink
pink

Table 2. Color of extracts subjected to heat.

Pigment Color after placement

in water bath
Anthocyanin Dark red
Table 3. Color of extracts added with some reagents (glacial
acetic acid, 5% ascorbic acid and 10% lime water)

Pigment 30 minutes 3 days

Anthocyanin Dark purple Dark pink

Table 4. Color of extracts after addition of sodium bisulfite .

Pigment Observation

Anthocyanin More intense red

Carotenoid
Lycopene
CAROTENOIDS

•Natures most widespread pigment.

FUNCTIONS

 Acts as secondary pigment in harvesting light

energy.
 Antioxidant
 Precursors of vitamin A
STRUCTURE
 Carotenoidsare comprised two structural groups:
the hydrocarbon carotene and the oxygenated
xanthophyll .

 Isoprene units linked covalently in either head-

tail or tail-tail fashion
CAROTENE
RESULTS

Carotene Immediate Storage

Color of Fresh Extract Yellow orange Yellow orange (darker)

Effect of Heat Yellow orange ------

Effect of Reagent Light Yellow Light Yellow

Reaction with Na Light Yellow Lighter Yellow

bisulfate
COLOR OF EXTRACTS

 Yellow orange
 Darkening
EFFECT OF HEAT

 No change
 moderately heat stable.

 Evenif degradation occurs color is mostly

unaffected, mostly it is the nutrition that
heating greatly have an effect on.
EFFECT OF REAGENTS

 Isomerization in the presence of acid.

 In the presence of light oxidation occurs.
REACTION WITH NA BISULFATE

 Immediately changed color to yellow to light

yellow.
 Oxidation occurred
LYCOPENE
 said to be of especially efficient as an
antioxidant
RESULTS

Reactions Immediate Storage

Color of Extract Yellow Yellow orange

Effect of Heat Yellow ----

Effect of Reagents Dull Yellow Light Yellow

Effect of Na bisulfate Yellow Light Yellow

COLOR OF EXTRACTS

 Yellow

 Dark Yellow
EFFECT OF HEAT

 No change
 Moderately stable
EFFECT OF REAGENTS

 Changed to dull yellow after 30 minutes in

strong light.
 Isomerazation .
 oxidation
REACTION WITH NA BISULFATE

 Oxidation.
 Color loss