MITOSIS

• Type of cell division – involves the division

of the nucleus to produce two daughter
cells
– Each containing the same number & same
kind of chromosomes as the parent cell
• Mitosis occurs in all somatic cells
which are all body cells except
gametes.
• Somatic cells contain 2 sets of
chromosomes: one set derived from
female parent, another from male
parent
–Diploid cells – 2n
–Haploid cells - n
 SIGNIFICANCE OF MITOSIS
• Multicellular org: Mitosis produces new
cells for growth, repair & replace cells that
are dead or damaged.
• Unicellular org: mitosis is a form of
asexual production to increase the
number of organisms
• Mitosis ensures that the offsprings/new
cells are genetically identical to the parent.
• Mitosis preserves the diploid number of
chromosmes.
Cell Cycle
• Two major phases : interphase & mitotic
phase (M phase)
• M phase: mitosis & cytokinesis
• Interphase: G1 + S + G2
– G1 & G2 cell grows by producing proteins &
cytoplasmic organelles & cell differentiation
occur
– S phase,synthesis DNA occur.
PROPHASE
• Centriole move apart to
opposite poles.
• Chromosomes coil up,
condense, and shorten.
• Each chromosome appears as
two identical chromatids –
sister chromatids attached
together as the centromere.
• The nuclear membrane breaks
down,nucleolus disappears &
spindle fibers begin to form
METAPHASE

• Chromosomes move to
cell’s equator
• Chromosomes line up
along the equator of the
cell with the centromeres
attach to spindle fibers
• Each chromatid of the
chromosome faces its
own pole
ANAPHASE
• Centromere of each
chromosomedivides
into two.
• Sister chromatids
separate and move
opposite poles.
• When the chromatids
reach their respective
poles, chromatids
become independent
chromosomes.
TELOPHASE
• Two sets of chromosomes,
one at each pole.
• Chromosomes are not
visible & appear thread like
str.
• Spindle fiber – disappear.
• Nuclear membrane begin to
form
• Nucleolus reappears
• Cytokinesis occurs at the
end of telophase
CYTOKINESIS
• Division of cytoplasm
• Plasma membrane
constricts around the
equator of the cell
dividing the cytoplasm
into two daughter
cells.
Cytokinesis (electron micrograph)
END
• Summary
1. Mitosis refers to the division of a cell’s nucleus into
two. Cytokinesis refers to the further division of the
cytoplasm of the cell, forming two daughter cells.
2. Cytokinesis takes place after Mitosis
3. Mitosis occurs in three phases, one of which is
Cytokinesis.
4. Mitosis results in the growth and development of new
cells, Cytokinesis ensures that the chromosome
numbers are maintained in cells.