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m
Highly condense
High oxygen concentration
More inorganic soil
Low concentration of carbon di oxide
Sparse vegetation
Sparse food
Low fertility
High transparency
Rocky to pebble bottom
High gradient
Fast water flow
m
m
ë River
ë Stream
ë Lake
ë spring
ëhe water from river and stream posses a
problem of wide ranging fluctuation in
temperature (0-(0-25OC) and also carried silt
load..
load
In the lake water of middle depth is
suitable but it requires a mechanical
device to lift the water.
Water from the spring is considered more
suitable with little fluctuation in
(8.0-15.0OC) all the year
temperature (8.0-
around.
ëemperature (OC) 6-18 20
20--25
Suspended solids <25 <25
(ppm)
pH 7.4--8.4
7.4 7.4
7.4--8.4
Dissolved oxygen 8-12 6-10
(mg/l)
Water flow (litre/sec/ha)
Extensive culture 100 50
Semi intensive 200--300
200 100
100--150
culture
Intensive culture 300--500
300 150
150--250
DESIGN OF COLD WAëER FISH
FARM
Based on flow through or running water system.
ëanks are generally brick line, cemented with RCC
flooring.
ëanks may be rectangular, hexagonal and even
circular in shape.
Depth of tanks should be <1.5 m.
ëhe holder wears gloves in both hands and grasps the fish by the caudal
peduncle with one hand and pectoral fin with the other hand.
ëhe holder then moves the fish over the dry egg-
egg-taking pan.
With the fish held tail end down, so that the ripe eggs flow by gravity towards
the vent, the spawn taker , who sits at the opposite end, gently presses out
the eggs with the help of his thumb and fore-
fore-finger beginning to apply gentle
pressure, a little anterior to the vent.
ëhe spawn taker's hand is then moved further anterior and gentle pressure
is continued to be applied as necessary to assist the natural release of eggs,
till all that oozes freely from the fish, is obtained.
Pressure should not be applied anterior to the ventral fins, lest it injures the
heart & the liver of the fish
continued
Immediately after stripping the female, the
male is stripped of milt which is spread
over the eggs with the bird feather to
ensure sent% fertilization.
After 5-5-10 minutes the excess of milt and
foreign particles are removed by repeated
washing with clean water.
After cleaning operation eggs are allowed
to stand in small quantity of water till they
become hard to estimate the rate of
fertilization.
ë ë
ë
Estimation of fertilization rate
Afterhardening, the eggs are taken & kept
in 5% glacial acetic acid for about 24 hrs.
m m''$
m''$
ërough,
ërays ,
Nursery tanks,
Fry tank,
Other supporting facility.
,( $
for rearing the eggs, larvae, & early fry.
It may be different shape & size.
Generally rectangular trough of 220cmx50cmx40cm size
are used.
Each trough should have capacity to hold sufficient
water.
Each trough should have separate inlet & outlet system.
i,$$
i,
Made up of fibre glass or wood.
May be rectangular or square shape.
Size is so adjusted that 4-
4-5 trays can be placed in each
trough.
Bottom of each hatching tray is fitted with the synthetic
netting cloth ( mesh size 2mm) to ensure regular water
movement.
Height of each trays ranges from 3- 3-4 inches.
ëhe outside dimension of each trays are such that they can be
accommodated in series along the length of each trough.
ëhe size of each tray (50x30x10cm) has capacity to hold
4000--5000 fertilized eggs.
4000
,''&$$
,''&
Used for rearing the early fry to advanced fry of mahseer.
Varies in shape and size.
Should not be very deep.
Suggested size of rectangular nursery tank can
be(2.0x0.75x0.60m) and circular tank (dia 2.2x0.75).
, '$$
, '
Used for rearing advanced fry to fingerlings of mahseer.
It is generally earthen ponds of (5.0x1.5x0.7m) size.
Can also be constructed using stone, cement or fibre glass.
Should have continuous water supply.
Fry can be stock @1000nos./ma*
NURSERY
POND
, '( m
$
'( m
$
Laboratory for monitoring & analysis of hatchery
operation.
Store room for hatchery equipment etc.
'm' (
'
MAëURE MALE
Bright color.
ëhicker and protruded lips.
Jet flow of milt when gentle pressure is applied near the vent.
m
!.!$$
!.!
1.Volumetric
-Measure by volume in eggs/ml.
-Ranges between 30
30--35 eggs/ ml by volume.
2. Gravimetric
- measure by weight in eggs/g.
-Ranges between 60
60--100 eggs/g by wt.
'm%' ((
ëhe fertilized eggs are incubated in a system
having ±
-continuous supply of fresh & clean water.
-sufficient O2 content (7.5-
(7.5-9.0 mg/l).
-free from silt and other materials.
(20--25OC).
-water temperature (20
i#$
i#$
-80 20--25O C temperature.
80--96 hrs or 4 days at 20
-10
10--12 days for complete absorption of yolk sac.
i$$.!."
i
!!!
& 1911--1912
1911 KASHMIR ESëABLISHED
' 1863--1873
1863 ENGLAND FAILURE
'%
%"$
%"$
- '/$
'/$01% ,
-
i$
i$1i ,
ë range- 6-18OC
Normally optimum range-
ë For developing eggs & swim- fry-- 10OC
swim-up fry
ë For fingerlings & big fishes-
fishes-
15--170C (optimum)
15
10--21OC (tolerable)
10
SUSPENDED SOLIDS
ë Should be <25 ppm.
ë Concentration of 100 ppm and above, chokes the gills of trout
fry & fingerlings.
ë ëurbidity of around 25 ppm hamper normal development of
trout eggs, delay their hatching & cause deformities in the
hatched out fry.
pH
Normal range-
range- 6.7 to 8.2
At >9.0 Ph, found that mortality among eggs and
alevins of trout.
Dissolved oxygen
Optimum range - 8-12 ppm
Lethal range - 3ppm
Lowest safe level - 5 ppm
FREE CARBON DI OXIDE
ë Optimum level-
level-2ppm
ë Stream fed water-
water-0.7
0.7--1.8 ppm
ë Spring water-
water- 2.3
2.3--2.8 ppm
ëOëAL ALKALINIëY
ë In stream fed trout farm-
farm- 79-
79-90 ppm
ë In spring fed hatcheries-
hatcheries-86
86--112 ppm
ë Above 100 ppm-
ppm- high biological productivity
m %m&
Before 2--3 months of breeding season
2
male & female fish are kept in separate
pools.
Give nutritious diet e.g.. fish meal or
partially boiled meat & barley flour in the
ratio of 1:20.
' m'
+
%#
# + '
"i" #
#
+
2 34
2
2 3
2
3# 3 3
2 !
%'
Green - eyed eggs 41--50
41 21
21--30 15
15--20
Eyed alevin 31--40
31 15
15--23 11
11--15
Alevin ± swim up fry 32--40
32 10
10--12 10
10--12
ëotalduration 104--140
104 46
46--65 36
36--46
'%&
Green - eyed eggs 29--35
29 - -
Eyed alevin 26--37
26 - -
Alevin ± swim up fry 30--32
30 - -
ëotalduration 85--104
85 - -
'%
Green - eyed eggs - 21
21--29 10
10--15
Eyed alevin - 20
20--27 8-12
ëotalduration - 51
51--71 28
28--39
m'' m
m$,
m$
1.RECëANGULAR RACEWAY
A raceway is usually an artificial water body of elongate shape.
A raceway can be connected to a series of other raceways, the latter are the
drop level below the former
An artificial raceway may be either entirely earthen or fully concrete or
partially, earthen pond may be covered with pebbles.
Size range-
range- 10.0x1.0x1.0m and 15.0x1.0x1.0m
Inflow of water ranges from 300-
300-400 litres/minutes.
2.CIRCULAR RACEWAY
Concrete structure
A circular raceway ranges in diameter from 4.0-
4.0- 11.0m and water depth of
0.75 to 1.0 m.
mm
m
Õ
Õ
Õ
Õ
m'(
m
m ''
ërout egg during incubation, are prone to
several infections.
Most common disease are white spot soft egg,
blue sac & §
infection.
Malachite green @ 5 mg/l are used for sanitation
of nursery ponds.
Malachite green @ 5mg/l bath treatment for
swim--up fry for 30 minutes.
swim
ëo avoid fungal spread, dead eggs must be
removed from the trays every morning.