CYBORG

THE FUTURE OF MANKIND

PRESENTED BY :
NAMRATHA R KELLOD
USN: 1ATO7EC052

INTERNAL GUIGE:
Mrs. SHOBHA
AIT
 OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
- Cyborg
- Cybernetics
PROJECT CYBORG
- Project Cyborg 1.0
- Project Cyborg 2.0
 Results of Project Cyborg
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
- Neuro prosthetics
- Types of BCI
CYBORG PROLIFERATION IN SOCIETY
- In medicine
- In military
ADVANTAGES‡
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
 What is a cyborg ?
 
 Cyborg = Cybernetic
Organism (i.e., an organism
that has both artificial and
natural systems).

 A CYBORG is a “Part
human part machine”.

 Term coined by Manfred E.

Clynes and Nathan S. Kline.
 CYBERNETICS
 Cybernetics word coined by - Norbert Wiener .
 Cybernetics stems from the ‘Greek kubernetis’ meaning
"Steersman” or “Governor”.‡
 Cybernetics is the science or study of control or regulation
mechanisms in animals, human and machine systems, including
computers.
 Cybernetics models are usually distinguished by being
hierarchical, adaptive and making permanent use of feedback
loops.
 Cybernetics in some ways is like the science of organization,
with special emphasis on the dynamic nature of the system being
organized.
 Cybernetic models are widely used in determining the proper
relationship between a man and a machine.
 KEVIN WARWICK
PROJECT CYBORG-I

Click icon to add picture

Kevin Warwick is a British Scientist
and professor of Cybernetics at the
University of Reading, England.

He is best known for his studies on

direct interfaces between computer
systems and the human nervous
system.

He got a chip implanted into his arm,

with the aim of becoming the “FIRST
CYBORG".
Professor Kevin Warwick underwent
an operation to surgically implant a
silicon chip transponder in his
forearm.

This experiment allowed computer to

monitor Kevin Warwick as he moved
through halls and offices of the
Department of Cybernetics at the
University of Reading, using a unique
identifying signal emitted by the
implanted chip. He could operate
doors, lights, heaters and other
computers without lifting a finger.
 CHIP IMPLANT

 Silicon chip
transponder implanted in
professor Warwick's left
arm.‡

 Implant was encased in a

glass tube.

 The chip receives signals

and sends them to a
computer.
 PROJECT CYBORG-2.0
 On the 14th of
March2002 a 100 CYBORG 2.0 OPERATION
electrode array was
surgically implanted into
the median nerve fibers  A first incision was made centrally over
of the left arm the median nerve over the wrist and
of Professor Kevin this extended to 4cm proximally.‡
Warwick
 A second incision was made 16cm
proximal to the wrist, this incision
itself extending proximally for 2cm.‡

 By means of a tunneling procedure

these two incisions were connected by
means of open tubing.‡

 Inserting the microelectrode array into

this tube and firing it into the median
nerve fibers below the elbow joint.
DIAGRAM OF THE IMPLANT

RESULT OF PROJECT
CYBORG 2.0

By means of the implant, Warwick’s

nervous system was connected onto the
internet in Columbia University, New
York. From there he was able to control
the robot arm in the University of
Reading and obtain feedback from
sensors in the finger tips.
Professor Warwick was able to control an
electric wheelchair and an intelligent artificial
hand.
 BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
 A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), sometimes called a direct neural
interface or a brain-machine interface, is a direct communication
pathway between a Brain and an External device.
 These external devices can either transmit or receive signals to and
from the brain which can then be used to restore function or
movement to sensory organs or limbs.

NEURO-PROSTHETICS

 Neuroprosthetics‡ is one of the applications of brain computer

interface technology.
 ‡This field of neuroscience deals with devices that are used to
replace functions of impaired or damaged sensory organs or nervous
systems.
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF BRAIN-COMPUTER
INTERFACE
 TYPES OF BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACES

Invasive BCI :Those implanted directly into the brain are used to
provide functionality to paralyzed people.

Partially Invasive BCI’s: Those implanted inside the skull but

outside the brain.

Non Invasive BCI’s: Non Invasive indicates that the device does
not need to penetrate the skin at all. This type of device has been
found to be successful in giving a patient the ability to move muscle
implants and restore partial movement.
 CYBORG PROLIFERATION IN SOCIETY
In Medicine:

Two different types of cyborg technologies.

 Restorative technologies: restore lost function, organs, and limbs’.
 Enhanced cyborg: follows principle of optimal performance i.e.
maximizing output and minimizing input

In the military‡ :

 Military organizations' research has recently focused on the utilization of

cyborg animals for inter-species relationships for the purposes of a supposed
a tactical advantage.‡

 DARPA is developing a neural implant to remotely control the movement of

sharks. The shark’s unique senses would be exploited to provide data
feedback in relation to enemy ship movement and underwater explosives.‡

 DARPA has announced its interest in developing "cyborg insects" to transmit

data from sensors implanted into the insect during the pupil stage.
 Flying a cyborg insect to within five meters of a specific target
starting at a distance of one hundred meters. Researchers may use
remote control or automated systems using global positioning system
(GPS).

 Cyborg insects could penetrate enemy territory in swarms and then

perform reconnaissance missions beyond the capabilities of bulky
human soldiers.
 PRO’S AND CON’S
ADVANTAGES: NEGATIVE CONCEQUENCES:
 The human race will divide on the basis
 ‡ Giving artificial sight to blind of biological have’s and have-not's.‡
people.
 Could easily become a new sort of
 In a similar way artificial limbs to dominant caste forcing the rest of
people suffering from paralysis.‡ untechnologized humanity into serfdom.
 Would be implemented in almost  ‡ A tremendous violation of human
all fields where human interaction privacy.‡
is needed.‡  Once implanted with bio-implant
electronic devices, Cyborgs' might
 Diseases could be analyzed and become highly dependent upon the
cured in terms of neural impulse creators of these devices for their
signals. repair, recharge, and maintenance, thus
 To establish intercommunication placing them under the absolute control
of designers of technology.
between two or more people
without using speech.‡  This technology originates from people
who foresee tremendous possible risks
 Human beings with extra senses. towards human health.
 CONCLUSION‡

 In the years ahead we will witness machines with an intelligence more

powerful than that of humans.
 The idea is that, in the future, we may have more and more artificial
body parts arms, legs, hearts, eyes and so on²till one might end up
finally as a brain in a wholly artificial body.‡
 The use of Cyborg technology will convert humans into SuperHumans´
with powers never possessed by humans before.‡

REFERENCES‡

 http://www.kevinwarwick.com/‡
 http://www.wikipedia.org/‡
 http://www.google.co.in/‡
 http://www.esnips.com/‡
 http://www.scribd.com/‡
 http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/CYBERNETICS.html‡
 http://books.google.co.in/books
THANK YOU