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Blood
Heart
Circulatory System
BLOOD VESSELS
Two Pathways
Pulmonary Circulation
– Carries blood to lungs and back
Systemic Circulation
– Carries blood to body and back
Capillaries of head and arms
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right Capillaries of left
lung lung
Capillaries of abdominal
organs and legs
Your Blood Vessels:
Pathway of Circulation
3 types of vessels
– Arteries
– Capillaries
– Veins
Artery vs. Vein
Arteries:
carries blood Away from heart
– Large
– Thick-walled, Muscular
– Elastic
– Oxygenated blood
Exception Pulmonary Artery
– Carried under great pressure
– Steady pulsating
Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue
Capillaries
– Smallest vessel
– Microscopic
– Walls one cell thick
– Nutrients and gases diffuse here
Veins:
Carries blood to heart
Blood Simulation
The Blood
Platelets
White blood
cells
Red blood
cells
Platelets
White blood
cells
Red blood
cells
Platelets
White blood
cells
Red blood
cells
50% Water
45% Erythrocytes
4% Plasma with Substances
1% Leukocytes + Platelets
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Transporters of
– Oxygen
– Carbon Dioxide
RBC
– Lack a nucleus
– Contain hemoglobin
– Disk-shaped
RBC are produced in red bone
marrow of
– ribs,
– humerus,
– femur,
– sternum, and other long bones
Lives for 120 days
Old RBC are destroyed in liver
and spleen
Leukocytes (WBC)
Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left
Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from
ventricle to the rest of the body
the upper part of the body to the right atrium
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Veins Bring oxygen-poor blood
Bring oxygen-rich blood from to the lungs
each of the lungs to the left atrium
Left Atrium
Pulmonary Valve
Prevents blood from flowing Aortic Valve
back into the right ventricle Prevents blood from flowing
after it has entered the back into the left ventricle
pulmonary artery after it has entered the aorta
Right Atrium Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve Prevents blood from flowing back
Prevents blood from flowing into the left atrium after it has
back into the right atrium after it entered the left ventricle
has entered the right ventricle
Left Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Vein that brings oxygen-poor Septum
blood from the lower part of Right Ventricle
the body to the right atrium
Structure of Heart (cont)
Four chambers
– Two upper (Atria)
Walls thinner
Less muscular
– Two lower
(Ventricles)
Walls thicker
More muscular
Do more work
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Scene 7 – Gatekeepers
Control of the Heart
(Nervous System)
Sinoatrial
(SA) node
Conducting
fibers
Atrioventricular
(AV) node
Blood Pressure
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
– Fatty deposits called plaque
– Builds up in walls of arteries
– Obstructs flow
– Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks flow
elsewhere
Disorders (cont)
Hypertension
– High blood pressure
– Hearts works harder than necessary
– Increases risk of heart attack or stroke
Disorders (cont)
Heart Attack
– Atherosclerosis in coronary artery
– Heart muscle begins to die
Symptoms
– Nausea
– Shortness of breath
– Severe chest pain
Stroke
– Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading
to brain
– Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen
Or blood vessel burst
Regular exercise
Weight control
Well balanced diet
Do not smoke
Diet low in saturated
fat
Elaboration
AB