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Iu Iu
RNS RNS
Iur
RNC RNC
UTRAN
User Equipment
Duplication avoidance
GC Nt DC
RRC control
L3
control
control
Radio
control
control
Bearers
PDCP L2/PDCP
PDCP
BMC L2/BMC
MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1
Chips after
Data bit spreading
OVSF Scrambling
code code
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
either long or short type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink
scrambling codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher
layers
Set 0 Secondary
scrambling code 1
Scrambling
Set 1 ……
codes for
downlink
Secondary scrambling
……
physical code 15
…
channels
Primary
scrambling code
Set 511 511×16
……
……
physical …
channels
Primary
scrambling code
Group 63 63 × 8
……
Primary
scrambling code
63×8 + 7
512 primary 64 primary scrambling Each group consists of 8
scrambling codes code groups primary scrambling codes
In terms of protocol layer, the WCDMA radio interface has three channels:
Physical channel, transport channel and logical channel.
Logical channel: Carrying user services directly. According to the types of the
carried services, it is divided into two types: Control channel and traffic channel
Transport channel: It is the interface of radio interface layer 2 and physical
layer, and is the service provided for MAC layer by the physical layer. According
to whether the information transported is dedicated information for a user or
common information for all users, it is divided into dedicated channel and
common channel
Physical channel: It is the ultimate embodiment of all kinds of information when
they are transmitted on radio interfaces. Each kind of channel which uses
dedicated carrier frequency, code (spreading code and scrambling code) and
carrier phase (I or Q) can be regarded as a dedicated channel
Physical Channel
(Downlink DPCH)
P-CCPCH-Primary
P-CCPCH-Primary Common
Common Control
Control Physical
Physical Channel
Channel
SCH- Synchronisation Channel
SCH- Synchronisation Channel
Paging channels
S-CCPCH-Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
PICH-Paging
PICH-Paging Indicator Channel
Dedicated channels
DPDCH-Dedicated
DPDCH-Dedicated Physical
Physical Data
Data Channel
Channel
DPCCH-Dedicated
DPCCH-Dedicated Physical
Physical Control
Control Channel
Channel
High speed downlink share channels
HS-SCCH-High Speed Share Control Channel
HS-DPCCH-High
HS-DPCCH-High Speed
Speed Dedicated
Dedicated Physical
Physical Control
Control Channel
Channel
Primary SCH ac p ac p ac p
256 chips
2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame
S-SCH 16 6 11
Group 2
Slot 7, 8, 9
256 chips
2560 chips
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 27
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms
256 chips
PCCPCH Data
SCH
18 bits
1 radio frame: T = 10 ms
f
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
4096 chips
10 ms (one radio frame)
5120 chips
Access slot #1
Random Access Transmission
Access slot #8
Random Access Transmission
Data
Data N data bits
Pilot TFCI
Control
N Pilot bits N TFCI bits
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
20 ms
Uplink DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code division multiplexed (CDM)
within each radio frame
Uplink DPDCH carries data generated at higher layer
Each frame is 10ms and consists of 15 time slots, each time slot
consists of 2560 chips
The spreading factor of uplink DPDCH is from 4 to 256
Data
DPDCH
N databits
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Bear HSDPA traffic data and layer2 bits mapped from the transport
channel
SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service
Data
N Data 1 bits
T slot = 2560 chips, M*10*2 k bits (k=4)
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
Data
N Data 1bits
1 subframe: T f = 2 ms
HARQ-ACK CQI
Primary
SCH
Secondary
SCH
Any CPICH
CCPCH,k
S- k:th S -CCPCH
PICH
DPCH,n
n:th DPCH
10 ms
Set Preamble_Initial_Power
Send a preamble
No AI
Choose a access slot again Check the corresponding AI
Get positive AI Get negative AI
Choose a signature and
increase preamble transmit power Increase message part power by p
-m based on preamble power
N
Report the physical status to MAC
Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
END
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 48
Random Access Procedure—RACH
Physical random access procedure
1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access
slot set, for the set of available RACH sub-channels within the
given ASC. Randomly select one access slot among the ones
previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the
selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot corresponding
to the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC
from the next access slot set. The random function shall be such
that each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal probability
2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures
within the given ASC
3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_
Retrans_ Max
b0 b1 b2 b3 Antenna 1
b0 b1 b2 b3
-b 2 b 3 b 0 -b 1 Antenna 2
Channel bits
ac p (Tx OFF)
acp ac p
Antenna 1
i,0 i,2 i,14
ac s (Tx OFF)
acs acs
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
acp (Tx OFF)
Antenna 2
i,1 (Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF) acs (Tx OFF)