m What is Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)?

m Major Objectives of the GDI Engine

m Transition of fuel supply
m When Did Gasoline Direct Injection Engines First Appear?
m Why Not Carburetor?
m Why The GDI ??
m Gasoline Direct Injection
m How Does Gasoline Direct Injection Work?
m Basic Technical Features of GDI Engine
m Combustion modes of GDI Engine
m Comparison of Fuel consumption of MPI & GDI Engines
m What are the Benefits of Gasoline Direct Injection?
m What are the Disadvantages in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines?
m Conclusion
m References
V In internal combustion
engines, 
 


 is a variant of
fuel injection employed in
modern two- and four-
stroke petrol engines. The
petrol/gasoline is highly
pressurised, and injected
via a common rail fuel line
directly into the
combustion chamber of
each cylinder, as opposed
to conventional multi-
point fuel injection that
happens in the intake tract,
or cylinder port.
V ruperior power to conventional MPI engines
V Ultra-low fuel consumption that betters that of
even diesel engines
Carburetor Port Injection Direct Injection
(MPFI) (GDI)
V ë

Mercedes Benz 300r
was the first car to use
Gasoline direct injection(GDI)
technology.

V GDI engine tech was

reintroduced by Mitsubishi
in ë  in there Galant.

V Now the majority of car

companies such as Nissan,
Ford, Mazda, Toyota, Audi,
BMW, Volkswagen, GM and
Ferrari all have at least one
vehicle with Direct Fuel
Injected engines
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ÿ The engine allows air to
enter the cylinder when
the piston moves down
(intake stroke).
ÿ As the piston moves up
(compression stroke) the
fuel is injected into the
cylinder and then sparked
by the spark plug.
ÿ After this the piston moves
down (expansion stroke)
and returns back up to
force the exhaust out.
 The Upright rtraight Intake Port.
 The Curved-top Piston.
 The High Pressure Fuel Pump.
 The High Pressure rwirl Injector.
V The GDI engine has upright straight intake ports rather than
horizontal intake ports used in conventional engines. The upright
straight intake ports efficiently direct the airflow down at the
curved-top piston, which redirects the airflow into a strong
reverse tumble for optimal fuel injection
V Newly developed high-pressure swirl injectors provide the ideal
spray pattern to match each engine operational modes. And at the
same time by applying highly swirling motion to the entire fuel
spray, they enable sufficient fuel atomization that is mandatory
for the GDI even with a relatively low fuel pressure of
0kg/cm2
V The curved-top piston controls the shape of the air-fuel mixture as
well as the airflow inside the combustion chamber, and has an
important role in maintaining a compact air fuel mixture. The
mixture, which is injected late in the compression stroke, is carried
toward the spark plug before it can disperse.
V Ultra lean combustion Mode
V ruperior Output mode
ë  
 
The GDI engine maintains stable combustion even at low idle
speeds. Moreover, it offers greater flexibility in setting the idle
speed. Compared to conventional engines, its fuel consumption
during idling is 40% less.
2. 
  
 

At 40km/h, for example, the GDI engine uses 3
% less fuel than a
comparably sized conventional engine.
3. Fuel Consumption in City Driving
In Japanese ë0 Eë
mode tests (representative of typical Japanese
urban driving ), the GDI engine used 3
% less fuel than
comparably sized conventional gasoline engines. Moreover, these
results indicate that the GDI engine uses less fuel than even diesel
engines.
V With direct injection the amount of fuel being put into
an engine is controlled precisely by the ecu. This can
enable the engine to have better fuel efficiency.
V Also with the fuel being sprayed into the cylinders it is
also able to be broken up into smaller particles which
allows for a more complete combustion. All the fuel
gets burned this way.
ë    

Compared to conventional MPI engines of a comparable size, the
GDI engine provides approximately ë0% greater output and
torque at all speeds.
2. Vehicle Acceleration
In high-output mode, the GDI engine provides outstanding
acceleration.
The following chart compares the performance of the GDI engine
with a conventional MPI engine.
3. Emission Control
In the case of GDI engine, % NOx reduction is achieved by
utilizing high-rate EGR (Exhaust Gas Ratio) such as 30% that is
allowed by the stable combustion unique to the GDI as well as a
use of a newly developed lean-NOx catalyst.
V The main disadvantage is that the direct injection
engines are more complex and costly to build.
V The fuel pump needs to be made to handle the high
pressure that is needed to spray the fuel into the
cylinders.
V The fuel injectors need to be durable enough to endure
high amounts of heat constantly.
In the era of high petrol consumption and
heavy air pollution the adaptation of gasoline
direct injection can play a vital role which gives
a total answer to the scenario. The initial cost of
the engine can be affordable to the common
man when the engine is used or produced in
greater number .Another is the compression
ratio and also the fuel efficiency which is more
than that of ordinary diesel engines. Also is the
less amount of pollution which is due to the
fewer amounts of unburned fuels due to the
injection inside the manifold.
 ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTA ANAYrIr, INC.
´Cost & Benefits of the Gasoline Direct Injection
Engineµ, Arlington, VA 2220 .
 DANIEA rIANO, ´Fuel Injectionµ
 DOMKUNDWAR, ´A course in IC enginesµ.
 www.mitsubishi-motors.co.jp
 www.auto.howstuffswork.com
 www.delphi.com