4



c Android is a mobile operating system initially developed by Android Inc. Android was bought
by Google in2005. Android is based upon a modified version of the Linux kernel. Google and
other members of the Open Handset Alliance(OHA) collaborated on Android's development
and release. The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and
further development of Android.

c The unveiling of the Android distribution on 5 November 2007 was announced with the
founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 79 hardware, software,
and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. With the
exception of brief update periods, Android has been available under free software / open
source license since 21 October 2008. Google released most of the Android code under
the Apache License, a free software and open source license.
 4



c There are currently over 200,000 apps available for Android. Android Market is the online

app store run by Google, though apps can also be downloaded from third-party sites.

c Canalys reported that in Q4 2010 the Android O.S. was the world's best-selling smart phone

platform, dethroning Nokia's Symbian from the 10-year top position.

 
 

 
  
 
 
 

Android 1.0 Nov 5, 2007 Original version

Android 1.5 "Cupcake" April 30, 2009 Video recording and playback, new keyboard
with auto complete,
Bluetooth A2DP support, enhanced copy and
paste
Android 1.6 "Donut" September 15, 2009 Improved Android Market, updated Voice
Search,
enhanced search, speed improvements
Android 2.0 "Eclair" October 26, 2009 Revamped user interface, turn-by-turn driving
directions,
HTML5 support, Microsoft Exchange support,
Bluetooth 2.1,
Live Wallpapers, speed improvements
Android 2.1 "Eclair" January 12, 2010 Minor update with no significant new end-user
features
Android 2.2 ͞Froyo͟ May 20, 2010 Full Flash Support, Improved security, Remote
wipe, LED flash,
Multiple keyboard languages, Improved
performance

Android 2.3 ͞Gingerbread͟ December 21, 2010 New user features, One-touch word selection
and copy/paste, Improved power management,
Internet calling,
Near-field communications


 

 4
  

c Eclipse IDE

c Java JDK

c Android SDK

c Updated sdk s

c Virtual Devices
 
 


 


c Activities

c Services

c Broadcast receivers

c Content providers
  
c An activity presents a visual user interface for one focused endeavor the user can undertake.

  
c An activity has essentially three states:

c It is active or running when it is in the foreground of the screen (at the top of the activity stack for the
current task). This is the activity that is the focus for the user's actions.

c It is paused if it has lost focus but is still visible to the user. That is, another activity lies on top of it and
that activity either is transparent or doesn't cover the full screen, so some of the paused activity can show
through. A paused activity is completely alive (it maintains all state and member information and remains
attached to the window manager), but can be killed by the system in extreme low memory situations.

c It is stopped if it is completely obscured by another activity. It still retains all state and member
information. However, it is no longer visible to the user so its window is hidden and it will often be killed
by the system when memory is needed elsewhere.

Note: If an activity is paused or stopped, the system can drop it from memory either by asking it to finish
(calling its finish()method), or simply killing its process. When it is displayed again to the user, it must be
completely restarted and restored to its previous state.
  
As an activity transitions from state to state, it is notified of the change by calls to the following protected
methods:

c void onCreate(Bundle ?
?  )

c void onStart()
c void onRestart()
c void onResume()
c void onPause()
c void onStop()
c void onDestroy()

Note: All activities must implement onCreate()

   
c A service doesn't have a visual user interface, but rather runs in the background for an indefinite period of
time.

   

A service can be used in two ways:

c It can be started and allowed to run until someone stops it or it stops itself. In this mode, it's started by
calling Context.startService() and stopped by calling Context.stopService().

c It can be operated programmatically using an interface that it defines and exports. Clients establish a
connection to the Service object and use that connection to call into the service. The connection is
established by calling Context.bindService(), and is closed by calling Context.unbindService().

O   
 if started using Context.startService()

c void onCreate()

c void onStart(Intent p)

c void onDestroy()

Note: these Methods are public not protected.

   
O   
 if started using Context.bindService()

c void onCreate()

c IBinder onBind(Intent intent)

c boolean onUnbind(Intent intent)

c void onRebind(Intent intent)

c void onDestroy()
 *


   
c A broadcast receiver is a component that does nothing but receive and react to broadcast
announcements.

c An application can have any number of broadcast receivers to respond to any announcements it considers
important.

c An application can have any number of broadcast receivers to respond to any announcements it considers
important. They typically place a persistent icon in the status bar, which users can open to get the
message.

   

A broadcast receiver has single callback method:

void onReceive(Context 
 , Intent 
  ??)

c When a broadcast message arrives for the receiver, Android calls its onReceive() method and passes it the
Intent object containing the message. The broadcast receiver is considered to be active only while it is
executing this method. When onReceive() returns, it is inactive.
 è
 
 
c A  

p
makes a specific set of the application's data available to other applications. The data
can be stored in the file system, in an SQLite database, or in any other manner that makes sense.