Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
(Sample Definitions 1)
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
Example 4:
Venues,
Venues,Facilities
Facilities Sponsorship
Sponsorship
Cultural
CulturalOlympiad
Olympiad
Accommodation
Accommodation Management
Management
Transport
Transport Pre-Games
Pre-GamesTraining
Training The Sydney Olympic
Games 2000 was a highly
Media complex project which
MediaFacilities
Facilities IT-Projects
and IT-Projects comprised several
andCoordination
Coordination
distinct work areas, each
Opening of which could be con-
Telecommunications Openingand
andClosing
Closing
Telecommunications Ceremonies sidered as subprojects,
Ceremonies
in their own right, and
Security which all had to be in-
Security Public
Arrangements PublicRelations
Relations tegrated and coordinated
Arrangements
within the framework of
the overall olympic
Medical
MedicalCare
Care Financing
Financing project.
EXAMPLES OF PROGRAMMES
benefits and control not
available from managing them Immunization
individually
Poverty Alleviation
Privatization
A
A CAPITAL
CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
PROGRAMME
PROGRAMME
Project for Training Personnel
GOAL
All projects have one prime goal, for e.g., the design
and development of a new camera, construction of a
railway station, regeneration of a derelict
neighbourhood, and optimization of manufacturing
processes in an organization.
In addition to the prime goal, projects can have any number of ancillary
goals (objectives).
COST
All projects must incur a cost . because they
consume resources. There can be a multitude of
cost items, for e.g., for the salaries and wages of
project staff, administration and overheads, project
infrastructure, raw materials and equipment used,
rents, consultants and for the work performed by
contractors.
<Project Cost Estimating & Budgeting, Cost Baseline, Earned Value Technique>
TIME
All projects have a life span, corresponding to the
interval between the point in time the project formally
commences and the point in time when it is completed
or prematurely terminated.
The project life-span can range from very short, for e.g., a week for
rearranging books in a library to very long, for e.g., ten years for the
construction of a large dam with attached electric power generating
station.
It is often difficult to determine with accuracy the life-span of a project
due to numerous factors which can influence the project schedule.
Like cost overruns, schedule overruns too are common in projects and
they are also considered a manifestation of project failure.
<Project Phases, Milestones, Activities, Gantt Charts, Network Diagrams, PERT/CPM>
UNIQUENESS
All projects are unique! No two projects are
completely alike – even if they have the same goal
and scope, same life-span and allocated budget, and
same project manager and team.
SATISFYING NEEDS
All projects are undertaken in order to satisy a customer‘s
need (or exploit an opportunity) - in or outside the project-
undertaking organization. Sometimes projects are done in
order to conform to a statutory requirement.
Examinations Parties
[ISO 9001:2000]
INITIATION
INITIATION
PLANNING
PLANNING
EXECUTION
EXECUTION PROJECTS
PROJECTS
MONITORING
MONITORING &
&
CONTROL
CONTROL
CLOSING
CLOSING
DIRECTING PLANNING
Project
Who decides what What are we aiming
Resources
and when? for and why?
MOTIVATION ORGANIZING
What brings out the What‘s involved and
best in people? why?
David I. Cleland / Lewis R. Ireland, Project Management: Strategic Design and Implementation, 4th ed., p. 42.
David I. Cleland / Lewis R. Ireland, Project Management: Design and Strategic Implementation, 4th ed., p. 50.
Assistant Professor Dr. Aurangzeb Z. Khan
Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan Slide 29
Managerial Actions in the Project Life-Cycle
Phases
Determine that a Define the project Perform the work Assist in transfer of
project is needed organization of the project Project product
(i.e. design, con-
Establish goals Define the project struction, production, Transfer human and
targets Site activation, non-human resources
Estimate the resources testing, delivery etc.) to other organizations
that the organization Prepare the schedule
is willing to commit for the execution Transfer or complete
Phase Committments
„Sell“ the organization
on the need for a Define and allocate Terminate project
project approach tasks and resources
Reward personnel
Make key personnel Build the project team
appointments
Resource
usage high as project
Implementation goes
Budget ($) into full-swing
Resource
usage increases
as project work Resource
expands usage goes
Low
down sig-
resource
nificantly
usage