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Mental Retardation
Etiology
Genetic conditions:
Ex: Down syndrome (trisomy 21), fragile X syndrome, and
phenylketonuria (PKU).
Prenatal problems:
Ex: a woman who drinks alcohol , infections during pregnancy
such as rubella, syphilis, HIV.
Perinatal problems:
Ex: dystocia, birth trauma, severe prematurity, diseases of
mother during pregnancy such as heart and kidney disease,
GDM.
Health Disorders:
Ex: Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Cretinism, Whooping cough,
Measles
Four Different Degrees Of
Mental Retardation
(based on Person’s Level of Function)
I.Intermittent Support
II.Limited Support
III.Extensive Support
IV.Pervasive Support
Signs and Symptoms
> Continued infant-like behavior
> Decreased learning ability
> Failure to meet the markers of intellectual development
> Inability to meet educational demands at school
> Lack of curiosity
> Delayed development of skills
> Speech and language poor coordination of movements
> Emotional immaturity
Nursing Management
1.Assess all children for signs of developmental delays.